Russian National Library Fontanka embankment 36
Catherine Institute. Branch of the Russian National Library (RNL).
Built in 1804-1807 according to the design of the architect Giacomo Quarenghi for the needs of the Catherine Institute, a privileged women's educational institution.
The branch of the Russian National Library on the Fontanka embankment houses reading rooms for the department of newspapers, music publications and sound recordings with a music library, as well as a youth reading room, which includes an Internet class and a multimedia language lab.
The Russian National Library may transfer its branch at 36 Fontanka Embankment to a private investor. This is necessary to complete the second stage of the National Library of Russia on Moskovsky Prospekt.
This plot of land was given by Peter I to his daughter Anna in 1711, after three-year-old Anna was named princess. The land plot was quite large. Along the Fontanka it extended from the route of modern Nevsky Prospekt to the site of the existing building No. 28 along the embankment. From the river inland, the gift was limited to the old Moscow road (modern Liteiny Prospekt). The nearby Church of Saints Simeon and Anna was built at the residence of Anna Petrovna.
A two-story palace was built on the banks of the Fontanka. Its architect is presumably an Italian master. The palace, like the entire residence, received the name Italian. The street on the other side of the river was named in exactly the same way - Italianskaya, and the bridge across the Griboyedov Canal at the Italianskaya Street alignment was also named. Until 1902, Zhukovsky Street was called Malaya Italianskaya. There was a park on the territory of the residence. Its remains can still be seen now, in the green spaces around the buildings of the Mariinsky Hospital, behind the New Passage (57 Liteiny Ave.), near the Institute of Neurosurgery (12 Mayakovskogo St.), and the Pavlovsk School (8 Vosstaniya St.). This garden was sometimes called the 4th Summer Garden.
In the first half of the 1730s, the palace building was rebuilt according to the design of M. G. Zemtsov for Duke E. I. Biron. The area of the residence was reduced, part of the land was given to the Sheremetyevs. A Liteinaya prospect was laid across the park, and the area behind it was transferred to the Preobrazhensky Regiment.
In November 1740, Biron was arrested and sent into exile. After that, his palace was given to officials of the Appanage Department for living. In 1796, they decided to locate a military orphanage here, and in 1800, Paul I donated it to a new women's educational institution - the Catherine Institute for Noble Maidens. The existing building turned out to be dilapidated and was demolished. On the vacant site in 1803-1807, a new building was built according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi.
The Catherine Institute accepted children of low-ranking, poor nobles. Girls from wealthier families were accepted by the Smolny Institute.
Quarenghi placed a church in the northern wing. It was consecrated on June 1, 1801 in the name of St. Catherine. In 1837-1839, according to the design of P. S. Plavov, an altar appeared in the church, vaults and choirs were built, and the temple was re-consecrated. In 1845 the church became an order church. In 1895, a belfry with seven bells appeared on the roof of the palace.
In 1920 the temple was closed and in 1923 it was turned into a furniture warehouse. In the pre-war years, a school was located in the building of the Catherine Institute. During the war - a hospital. The building was heavily damaged by artillery shells. After restoration, some departments of the Russian National Library were located here. The library's concert hall is now located in the church premises.
In the right wing since the 1930s. Children's clinic No. 2 was located. With the formation of TMO, children's clinic No. 2 was merged with children's clinic No. 12, leaving only the latter.
The adjacent porch leads to the newly created new medical facility, which opened in April 2008 - the Anichkov Bridge Center for Modern Medicine - a division of the Main Directorate of the Federal Penitentiary Service. A wide range of medical services are provided here, including the department of aesthetic dentistry and dental implantology, there is a driver’s commission, a military medical commission, and you can get a medical certificate to carry a weapon.
Since 2008, both medical institutions have their own separate address: emb. Fontanka River, 36A
In Moscow, not so much a top bookmaker in Russia from St. Petersburg and a partner of FC Spartak, but a player according to Dostoevsky, was arrested as the leader of a criminal community.
Anton Bazhanov
Fundamentally, federal news feeds gave the correct meaning the day before in similar headlines: “The Investigative Committee and the FSB detained nearly 100 people in a large-scale case of illegal casinos in Moscow.” The defendants are the managers of the bookmaker's office "Panorama", and the organizer of the community is Anton Bazhanov. By 20:30 on September 20, the Presnensky Court of Moscow sent him under arrest. Fontanka read a long accusation. There is no main thing - the story of how Bazhanov rose from the basement of Grazhdanka to assets in casinos in Kazakhstan and Minsk. In addition, he is one of the most passionate poker players among billionaires. And they took him to the card table. The suit suited him.
Operatives of Directorate “K” of the central apparatus of the FSB found 44-year-old Anton Bazhanov on the evening of September 18 in the luxurious Sochi casino in Krasnaya Polyana. He hasn't slept there at night for about a month. Back in August, he was taken there to fight with professionals from Turkey and China. He also came not with the boys, but with the capital’s masters. Another thing is that he played with his own money, and his colleagues in the brigade played with the money of Moscow businessmen from the Forbes list. There is such fun in that world when fake pros play for a decent percentage without the risk of losing. But the foreigners swindled us out of a total of ten million dollars. The Russians got over it and began to play off their grievances by playing among themselves. Bazhanov lost a very large amount of money.
While he was being transported to the capital, the convoy probably briefly explained what the investigator for especially important cases had presented Investigative Committee Moscow captain of justice Kondratyev: “...created and headed an organized criminal community, veiled as a network of bookmakers LLC Panorama, located on Kutuzovsky Prospekt, operating at various addresses in Moscow under the signs of GreenBet, UnionBet, WinLine... "
It is unlikely that the investigator did not know that the bookmaker's office Panorama LLC is better known to players under the brands GreenBet, UnionBet and WinLine. Business card holding can be called “VinLine”, which is one of the four largest bookmaker companies, controlling up to 75% of the market, with a turnover of 700 billion to 1 trillion rubles per year. WinLine is also an official partner of the Spartak club. Panorama manages 380 betting points in 180 cities of Russia. For 2017, the company's official income amounted to 1.7 billion rubles with a net profit of 751 million rubles.
Indeed, Anton Bazhanov is a figure in this market of emotional services. In addition to Panorama, he has the Opera casino in Minsk and the XO casino in Kazakhstan. This is a lot, and he did it all alone, without the help of convenient privatization in the nineties.
Born into a family of doctors. A decent school on Grazhdanka, but not a bespectacled student. I walked the street and graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg State University. By the 2000s, he acquired some kind of semi-basement in the north of St. Petersburg, wanted to rent it out to traders, and guys with one-armed bandits climbed in there. Also those that stood everywhere at train stations in wooden coverings. This was the turning point. Bazhanov saw what human passion was and decided to make money here. Then there was a lot of things: the “Submarine Boat” casino, “Aladdin” on Pionerskaya. At the same time, it became the largest in the city in selling the first Novomatic machines. A little more, and Petersburg became too small for him. In the capital, I managed to ride the crest of the gaming wave of 2004–2005. I started to get used to flying on private jets. Another thing is that if in Sochi you rent, for example, a couple of million dollars, why not pay 30 thousand dollars for the flight.
Suddenly everything was closed in the name of Vladimir Putin, and the business went to specially designated areas and to the bookmaker. Today it is a market in the most capitalist sense of the word. Advertising for Anton Bazhanov’s companies ran throughout the World Cup on MatchTV. I paid millions for three hundred rubles.
As for the state’s attitude towards Panorama’s bookmaking structures, over the past two years dozens of courts have been held in various instances, where Bazhanov disputed the authorities’ claims. In short, there are gaps in the law where visitors are not directly prohibited from gambling on exchange rates. And since the player is bored with looking at the graphs, they give him badges. And this is everywhere. So, “Bingo Boom” has 100 halls in Moscow, balls fall on the screen everywhere, and they are not tormented by raids.
Therefore, it is curious what force collected seven suspended criminal cases, initiated years earlier, at seven addresses in Moscow, where roulettes and poker tables were seized during raids, and combined them into one article 210 of the Criminal Code - “criminal community.” On September 19, about 80 searches were carried out, and 13 of Bazhanov’s subordinates also appeared before the judge of the Presnensky Court on the evening of September 20. They all need to participate in the community.
Bazhanov’s favorite book has always been “The Gambler” by Dostoevsky. It's clear what this means. Lately, The Brothers Karamazov has been around. Until now, Bazhanov has not become secular. That summer, in a Belarusian casino, I heard a bad word about myself from Kadyrov’s people and knocked down a Chechen in a tuxedo. We've been understanding the concepts for about a month. When he’s had enough of playing, he orders “Chizha and Company” in karaoke bars. If he loses, he doesn’t sort things out.
But, knowing full well what he was making money from, he got hooked on the game. This can be compared to binge drinking. Great mood, one glass, and that’s it... So in Sochi, where he was detained, he skated without stopping for about a month. Friends tried to tear him away from poker. A week ago I started winning back a crazy amount. A couple of days ago I returned mine and started to gain profit. State security ruined everything.
To understand how his holding will work now, it’s worth remembering Bazhanov’s greetings, which he managed to convey to the outside world: “Guys, I just slipped.”
* Anna Petrovna.
In 1711, the three-year-old daughter of Peter I, Anna, was officially proclaimed princess. The plot that her father gave her in connection with this event was surprisingly large: along the Fontanka it stretched from the place where house number 28 now stands, almost to the Anichkov Bridge, and east of the Fontanka it reached the old Moscow road. The stone church of Saints Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess (1731 - 1734, architect M. G. Zemtsov) was built on the site of an old wooden church that once stood in the park of Anna Petrovna’s residence and was dedicated to her heavenly patroness.
The two-story palace, with its main façade and front courtyard facing the banks of the Fontanka, was located along the central axis of this residence. The builder of the palace was, most likely, some Italian master, which is why both the palace and the residence as a whole received the name Italian. This name is still reminiscent of Italianskaya Street and the Italian Bridge (across the Griboyedov Canal). Until 1902, Zhukovsky Street was called Malaya Italianskaya.
However, in the time of Peter the Great, the Italian Park was also called the 4th Summer Garden. Fragments of this park have survived to this day: behind the building of the “New Passage” (Liteiny Prospect, 57), around the buildings of the Mariinsky Hospital (Liteiny Prospect, 56) and the Institute of Neurosurgery (Mayakovsky St., 12), behind the building. Pavlovsk School (Vosstaniya St., 8).
“The Italian house and its garden,” writes Bogdanov, “stand on the same Fontanka river, on the other side, on Liteinaya Street, and have substantial stone chambers. It is called Italian because this house is decorated and run in the Italian manner, both outside and inside.” around 1712." And, indeed, on April 29, 1714, in the Chamber of Fourier’s journal it was noted /II, 103/: “Peter I was in the house across the river” (Italian House).
During the short reign of Empress Catherine I, this house and its former garden were the subject of extreme care: on July 5, 1725, Catherine I went to the Italian House /III, 13/ and, obviously, an order was associated with this trip / General Archive of the Ministry of the Court. Inventory 73 187, car. 48/ “about sending 12 soldiers to guard the garden.” Her Majesty, then in the same year, ordered the construction of cascades in the “Italian House” /Ibid., No. 152, Art. 977./, and the next year, 1726, a special architect Usov was sent to oversee the work in Italian House /Ibid., No. 245, Art. 927/.
But Catherine I died and with her death concerns about the Italian Garden ceased. The Italian palace soon became storerooms, first for the sale of soft junk and Chinese goods, and then for the products of glass factories.
During the reign of Empress Catherine II, here was the center of economic gardening of the Imperial Palaces, and work was carried out in this direction: in 1765, a wooden greenhouse with 2 closets was built / St. Pete. Ved. 1765, No. 49/, in 1778, those who wanted to build a stone fruit house in the Italian Garden / St. Pete volunteered. Ved. 1778, No. 71/, in 1784 they worked on the construction of a stone grape greenhouse / St. Pet. Ved. 1784, art. 989/, and in 1785 - over the stone cherry orchard / St. Pete. Ved. 1785, art. 1157/.
And by the end of the reign of Empress Catherine II, the Italian Garden had, judging by the description of Georgi / Georgi, art. 111/, the following view: “Imperial Italian Garden: on the Fontanka, it was built in 1712, a stone house not connected to anything, two floors, in which there is now a barn for glass and mirrors. The garden behind the house is about 70 fathoms square. It is in the Dutch style with straight roads between tall trees and a very extensive greenhouse. The onago fence extends to Liteinaya Street, from where anyone can enter. The second four times larger Italian Garden is located opposite the first on the other side of Liteinaya Street. Herbs for court cuisine grow in it in many greenhouses and hotbeds.”
During the reign of Empress Catherine II, one prohibition was issued, which was formulated as follows: “Since in the first half of the Italian garden various fruits and vegetables are grown, and for the festivities there is nothing entertaining, for this reason only the other half of the mentioned garden is left for this purpose, which is announced through this.” /S.-Pet. Ved. 1765, No. 45/.
Stolpyansky P.N. 1913 Old Petersburg. Gardening and floriculture in St. Petersburg in the 18th century, 49-51, 52
pastvu.com/272243
//Having identified distant times with each other, one can assert with bitter sarcasm that these are the remains of the lattice of the 4th Summer Garden//.
* "Biron's Palace".
In the 1st half of the 1730s. The Italian palace was rebuilt for Duke E.I. Biron by architect M.G. Zemtsov. The area of the Italian Park was greatly reduced: the neighboring area on the banks of the Fontanka was given to P.B. Sheremetev, and the Foundry Perspective passed east of the palace, cutting the park into two unequal parts, the larger of which went to the territory of the Preobrazhensky Regiment.
fontanka36.nlr.ru/concerthall/history.html
* "Residential building" of officials of the Specific Department.
In November 1740, Duke E.I. Biron, during a court coup committed by Count B.H. Minich, was arrested and sent into distant exile in Pelym. After this event, the Italian Palace was used to house officials of the Appanage Department. In 1796, it was decided to locate a military orphanage there, and in 1800, Paul I donated the Italian Palace to a new women's educational institution - the Catherine Institute for Noble Maidens.
But, since the old building of the palace turned out to be very dilapidated, it was demolished, and in its place in 1803 - 1807. The architect Giacomo Quarenghi built a new building for the Catherine Institute.
fontanka36.nlr.ru/concerthall/history.html
Atlas St. Petersburg 1798
giper.livejournal.com/268938.html
Detailed plan of St. Petersburg in 1828 by Major General Schubert
//Anna Petrovna’s original site has been devastated almost to the extreme. But during the construction of the institute, a piece of what was lost was “taken” back //.
* School. Library.
After the revolution, a school was located in the building of the Catherine Institute. The building on Fontanka was given to the National Public Library in 1949, when there was an urgent need to expand its space.
kcson-crspb.ru/news/nacionalnaya-biblijteka-24-05-2018.html
* Church. Concert hall.
Here on June 1, 1801 the new church in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine. Quarenghi placed the church on the 2nd floor of the northern courtyard wing. In 1837-1839 the architect P. S. Plavov added an altar, made vaults and choirs, and on December 24, 1839 the church was illuminated again.
In 1845, the Church, due to its highest behavior, was ranked in the Order of the Holy Great Martyr Catherine, that is, it was made an order. Above its entrance there was an image of the highest female order in Russia - the Order of St. Catherine.
In 1895, the merchant of the first guild Philadelphia Gennadievich Bazhanov gave funds for the construction of a belfry on the roof of the palace, which had 7 bells. And in 1896, Bazhanov donated to the Institute Church a rare artistic work of a shroud with a glass cover and a silver glazed cover and 4 cupronickel candlesticks with candles.
The temple was closed in 1920 and, although it was under state protection, 3 years later it was given over to a furniture warehouse.
Today the church premises are the Concert Hall of the Russian National Library.
The general interior of the Temple has remained unchanged to this day. The architecture of the hall is designed in the strict style of early classicism (G. Quarenghi), columns of the Ionic order decorate the entrance, smooth walls are complemented by pilasters, warm light falls through semi-circular windows. The hall has extraordinary acoustics, providing a philharmonic sound. The atmosphere of the hall evokes feelings of joy and peace in all those entering.
fontanka36.nlr.ru/concerthall/history.html
As we have already reported, Umberto Eco is visiting St. Petersburg. In RNB /branch; Fontanka emb. 36; Concert Hall/ his public lecture “From the Internet to Gutenberg” took place. The people, as they say, were hanging from the chandeliers. The writer could once again (after Moscow) be convinced of his popularity in Russia. However, the thoughts he expressed, in the opinion of our observers, were not very novel and original. Perhaps Eco underestimated the level of the St. Petersburg audience. A detailed report on Umberto Eco's visit to our city is in one of the upcoming issues of VP.
In the late 90s, Umberto Eco came to St. Petersburg and read a report “From the Internet to Getenberg.” The essence of the report was that, through the Internet, the computer returned us to written (printed) text, which was taken from us by spoken text - be it a telephone (instead of correspondence) or a TV (instead of newspapers).
Evgeniy Vodolazkin = Tool of language. About people and words
Excerpts of excerpts.
(Eko U. From the Internet to Gutenberg: text and hypertext.
Excerpts from a public lecture by Umberto Eco at the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University on May 20, 1998; It’s hard to say how different or not different the private Leningrad lecture was from the “original,” but general impression you can get it).
Plato has this example at the end of the Phaedrus: Hermes, the supposed inventor of writing, demonstrates to Pharaoh Tammuz an invention that will allow people to remember what would otherwise be lost in oblivion. Pharaoh is not happy and says: “Cunning Thoth! Memory is a wonderful gift, it must be constantly maintained. Because of your invention, people’s memory will deteriorate. They will remember not thanks to internal effort, but thanks to external support.”
Books are machines for provoking your own new thoughts...
Only thanks to the invention of writing is it possible to preserve such a masterpiece of spontaneous memory as Proust's In Search of Lost Time.
Facilities mass media It was soon established that our civilization was becoming image-oriented, visually oriented, which was leading to a decline in literacy.
Old computers were born as writing tools. Words and lines crawled across the screen, and the user had to read.
If /example, the situation/ is visual and not verbal, your physical mind will be in a difficult position. If I show you an image of a dog biting its owner, how will you distinguish between the particular and the general?
Images have a “platonic power”; they transform particular ideas into general ones. ... Reading in the newspaper that “so-and-so” proclaims: “X for president!”, I understand that the opinion of “so-and-so” is being expressed. But if on TV some person unknown to me campaigns: “X for president!”, then the will of the individual is already perceived as a clot of general will.
The division of cultures that existed during the Middle Ages begins: between those who were able to read manuscripts and, therefore, think critically about religious, philosophical and scientific issues, and those who were brought up exclusively through the images in the cathedral - selected and processed by their creators.
Before the invention of the computer, poets and writers dreamed of a completely open text that readers could rewrite as they pleased, an infinite number of times. This was Mallarmé's idea. Joyce conceived of Finnegans Wake, dreaming of an ideal reader tormented by the “not-sleeper.” Max Zaprota published a novel in the fifties in which the pages could be shuffled to make different stories. Gianni Ballestrini at one time put a series of stanzas into one of the very first computers, and the computer produced many poems. Raymond Queneau invented a computer algorithm that made it possible to produce an infinite number of poems with an infinite number of line variations. Many modern musicians make similar experiments with music.
Let's imagine hypertexts that are limitless and endless. This happens on the Internet. The plot starts and each user adds a piece, and this endless worm drags on and on.
gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/Eko/Int_Gutten.php