Summer garden presentation for elementary school
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I want to go to the roses, to that one and only garden, Where the best fence in the world stands... A. Akhmatova
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The Summer Garden, the first garden in St. Petersburg, was founded in 1704, a year after the founding of the new capital. At first it was a ceremonial royal residence. IN summer time The social and court life of St. Petersburg proceeded.
Wanting to have a garden “better than the one in Versailles of the French king,” Peter I took personal part in drawing up the first draft of its layout and, with his characteristic energy and passion, personally supervised its arrangement. The fountains were especially beautiful,
The summer garden in autumn was supplied with water from the river, which therefore received the name Fontanka. One of Peter I’s contemporaries described the sights of the garden this way: “There are many wonderful things here, gazebos, galleries and amazingly beautiful trees. There were ponds in that garden, lined with a stone wall, on which Indian geese, sea ducks and many birds swam.”
By the middle of the 18th century, the Summer Garden lost its significance as a ceremonial royal residence, the trees were no longer trimmed, and over the years their mighty crowns blocked the alleys from the sun. Now the garden has become a place for walking for the privileged nobility of the capital.
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Summer garden. Founded in 1704 on the model of regular gardens in Europe. The oldest palace park ensemble St. Petersburg. Such masters of architecture and landscape art as D. Trezzini, J.-B. took part in its creation. Leblond, A. Schlüter, M. Zemtsov, B.-F. Rastrelli, gardeners J. Roozen, I. Surmin, K. Schroeder, I. Yakovlev and others.
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The fence of the Summer Garden on the Neva side was built in 1771-1784. arch. Yu. M. Felten and P. E. Egorov.
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The Summer Garden is the richest museum of landscape gardening sculpture.
The sculptures of the Summer Garden can be divided by theme into the following groups: characters of ancient mythology; Greek and Roman emperors, scientists and philosophers of the ancient world.
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In 1777, one of the worst floods in its history broke out in St. Petersburg. As a result, the fountains, grotto, pavilion and numerous gazebos of the Summer Garden were destroyed and were never restored. But it was then that it was decided to make the famous fence on the Neva side. Architects Yu. M. Felten and P. E. Egorov created a true masterpiece: 36 granite columns, on which vases and urns are installed, are connected by an openwork metal lattice, decorated with gilded details.
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Among other attractions of the Summer Garden is the “Tea House”, built according to the design of K.I. Rossi, a delightful vase of pink porphyry near the Carpiev Pond, a monument to the great Russian fabulist I.A. Krylov. The Summer Garden is also decorated with Russia’s first collection of Italian marble sculpture from the late 17th – early 19th centuries. A curious story is connected with the appearance of this sculpture in St. Petersburg: when a statue of naked Venus was erected in the Summer Garden, a soldier with a gun had to be assigned to it for round-the-clock security. The fact is that St. Petersburg residents, not familiar with the classics of world sculpture, were outraged by the “naked woman with a white face,” and everyone considered it their duty to dress her in something.
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Minevra statue. XVIII century Unknown Italian sculptor
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Palace of Peter I1710-1712 Architect D. Trezzini
The only one architectural structure, preserved in the Summer Garden from the beginning of the 18th century, is the Palace of Peter I, built in 1710 - 1712 according to the design of the architect D. Trezzini. The most prominent architects took part in the decoration of its interiors: A. Schlüter, N. Michetti, G.-I. Mattarnovi, M. Zemtsov.
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Lebyazhy Canal or groove and Verkhne-Lebyazhy Bridge. To the left of the canal is the Champ de Mars. On the right is the Summer Garden. Ahead is the Neva.
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Pavilion "Coffee House". 1826 Architect K. Rossi
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- On one of the sites, not far from the main alley, surrounded by dense greenery, there is a monument to the great Russian fabulist I. A. Krylov.
- This is the first monument dedicated to the writer in Russia. It was opened in 1855. The sculptor P. Klodt depicted the fabulist deep in thought over an open book. On a pedestal made of dark gray granite, Klodt, based on the drawings of the artist A. Agin, created bas-reliefs showing popular heroes of Krylov’s fables.
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Gate of the Summer Garden from the Moika River
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In the 19th century the Summer Garden was favorite place festivities of the St. Petersburg nobility. A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Krylov, V. A. Zhukovsky, I. A. Goncharov, P. I. Tchaikovsky, A. A. Blok and many other figures of Russian culture often visited here. The common public was not allowed into the garden: for this purpose, a number of restrictive conditions were created regarding clothing and behavior.
Today the Summer Garden, one of the most picturesque and quiet places in St. Petersburg, open to everyone.
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Summer garden in literature
- The Summer Garden is mentioned in the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin” by A.S. Pushkin. This is how the poet describes the protagonist’s childhood:
- Monsieur l "Abbé, a wretched Frenchman, So that the child would not be exhausted, He taught him everything jokingly, He did not bother him with strict morality, He scolded him slightly for pranks, And he took him for a walk in the Summer Garden.
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summer garden
Just a year after the founding of the city, in May 1704, on the instructions of Peter I, the creation of the Summer Garden began. The selected area was very swampy. To drain it, the Mew River was connected by a canal to an unnamed erik, and a canal called Lebyazhy was dug to the Neva. This is how it appeared artificial island surrounded by the Neva, Fontanka, Moika and Lebyazhy Canal rivers.
In the Summer Garden, the only building from Peter the Great's times has been preserved - the Summer Palace. It began to be built in 1710 according to the design of Domenico Trezzini
From the outside, the building bears little resemblance to a palace. Smooth plastered walls Windows with small glazing High hipped roof Frieze of 29 bas-reliefs glorifying the power of Russia
Palace interiors
Lathes
From the Neva side, the Summer Garden is surrounded by a fence created by the architect Yu. Felten
36 ash pink granite columns Granite vases Vertical spears intersecting elongated rectangles. Ornament made of gilded bronze.
On the Moika side, the garden is fenced off by another lattice. It is decorated with the image of the head of Medusa the Gorgon. Architect L.I. Charlemagne
Summer Garden - a museum under open air. There are about 80 sculptures in the garden
Sculptural group Cycle of the day The sculptural ensemble symbolizes the eternal change of states, both in nature and in human life.
Aurora Noon
Sculptural group “Peace and Abundance” Russia Sign of the end of the Northern War Goddess of Victory Symbol of defeated Sweden
Coffee house. K.I.Rossi Tea House. L.I.Charlemagne
Monument to I.A. Krylov Architect P.I. Klodt
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
A comprehensive program for organizing summer recreation for children of the SUMMER SCHOOL HEALTH CAMP WITH DAY STAY “FIDGE-2013”
The program is designed taking into account the age characteristics of children. Designed for 2 periods of children's health in two directions - environmental and sports...
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Summer Garden The Summer Garden is a park ensemble in the Dutch Baroque style, a monument to gardening art of the first third of the 18th century in the center of St. Petersburg. The park was founded in 1704 by order of Peter I and created in accordance with the instructions and tastes of Peter I, who wanted to have a residence “better than that of the French king at Versailles.”Slide 2
The summer garden was created as a summer royal residence; part of the island of Usaditsa was allocated for its construction. From 1704 to 1707, work under the leadership of Peter I was led by the architect Ivan Matveev (Ugryumov). He expanded the boundaries of the garden, determined the initial layout, began constructing fountains, draining areas, creating solid soil and planting trees. Since 1707, work has been carried out by A.V. Kikin, and since 1709 - by A.D. Menshikov. A. Zubov – Summer Garden
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Russian and foreign architects, gardeners, vegetable gardeners and hundreds of working people worked in the garden to implement the plan under the control of the Tsar. In 1709, Peter ordered 13 young children, 17-18 years old, to be sent from Moscow to St. Petersburg to learn gardening. They were assigned as apprentices to foreign gardeners. Some of them subsequently worked independently and showed outstanding abilities in gardening art - S. Lukyanov, I. Surmin, I. Yakovlev and others. By order of Peter, some young people were sent to European states to learn gardening. In 1717, students of the Slavic-Latin school Ermolai Kratsev, Danila Ovsyannikov and Ivan Alabin were sent to Holland. They ""learned gardening and urn making."
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Architects Domenico Trezzini came to St. Petersburg in 1703, Yagan Kintler in 1707. In 1712, gardener Jan Rosen arrived and worked in the Summer Garden for about 13 years (1712-1726). He led everyone gardening work. In 1713, the architect A. Schlüter arrived, in 1715 - B. K. Rastrelli, in the spring of 1716 - J. B. Leblon. Jean Baptiste Leblond, a former architect to the French king, was well known in Europe for his writings on the formal gardens and labyrinths of Versailles. In 1715, Peter was brought one of his books - “Mr. Leblond’s Practice of Vegetable Gardens.” The king's library also contained other works and drawings by the architect. Somewhat later, the architects G.I. Matarnovi (1717) and N. Michetti arrived in Russia from Italy, from Holland-G. Fonboles and others.
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The active work to create a regular garden required a specific plan. This was the plan-drawing attributed to Peter and tentatively dating back to 1714-1716. This plan clearly indicates the boundaries of the original layout, showing the main longitudinal, transverse and radial alleys and other elements.
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The next image (drawing) of the garden was Jan Roosen's plan. It dates back to 1716, its basis was drawn up by Peter’s drawing. This plan shows many features of the royal "vegetable garden" that are absent in the first one. It included some decorative attributes of a regular garden, developed by J. Leblond.
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Ponds and canals were dug to drain wetlands and create a hard surface for trees. The earliest body of water was the harbor. Then, in the southern part of the garden, on the site of a natural small swampy pond, a pond was built, called Karpiev. For several years from different places soil was brought into the garden huge quantities. Trees were planted both in summer and winter.
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In 1711, they began to dig a canal along the western part of the garden, later called Lebyazhy. He separated the garden from a huge area, which began to be called the Great Meadow, then the Fun Field. The Swan Canal connected the Neva with the Moika River.
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In 1717, the work was completed and the Transverse Canal was dug. It flowed from Lebyazhye and divided the garden into two almost equal parts. At the same time, the Moika and Fontanka rivers were connected. The main part of the garden ended up on the island. Ponds and canals for draining the garden area were at the same time its decorative design. The exception was the harbor or Havanets Petra at the cape formed by the Neva and Fontanka, which had the shape of a bucket. In 1705, Peter ordered the harbor to be deepened everywhere by 8 feet and its walls lined with stone slabs. The harbor served as an access point for small ships to approach the garden.
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The summer garden, although it was laid out on the model of a French regular park, retained the features of Russian gardens near Moscow of the 18th century, where fruit trees and garden plants were always planted. The front part occupied half of the modern territory, and a vegetable garden with a greenhouse, fruit trees, and greenhouses occupied the rest of the territory, bordering the Moika River. I. Shishkin – Alley in the Summer Garden
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Bosquet (French bosquet, from Italian boschetto - woods, grove) - an element of landscape design, a dense group of trees or bushes, which, thanks to decorative pruning, form solid green walls in the form of smooth walls (trellises), geometric volumes, sometimes imitating architecture with arches and turrets, etc. The decorative design of the bosquets of the Summer Garden belonged to Leblon. Under the influence of French formal gardens, curved roads and other decor appeared in the decoration. The main bosquets with ideas were located around the Main Alley, which, as now, ran through the center of the garden. http://www.itogi.ru/obsch/2009/2...579.html