Turning cape. Rotating lighthouse
About the Povorotny lighthouse, now I want to comment on my photographs with a description that I borrowed from Maxim Kalennik, operator of the Vladivostok State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, I hope that he will not swear at me too much for this. :)
So, welcome to Cape Povorotny...
This place is located in the southeast of Primorye, with coordinates 42°40′ N. w. 133°02′ E. d. Here, on a rocky and steep bank, rises one of the extreme geographical points southern Primorye - Cape Povorotny. Here lies the border of the eastern and southern coast Primorye. This iconic place for all ship crews. To Cape Povorotny, sailors hopefully say “Goodbye..” when they go on long, long voyages. They happily say “Hello, dear..” to him when they return home. This is the entrance and exit cape of Peter the Great Bay, a bay on the shores of which the main ports of the Far East stand...
The first mention of these places dates back to 1787 - it was then that the flotilla of Francois De La Perouse passed along these shores. In 1854, the cape was described by the crew of the Russian corvette Pallada. Nine years later, the steamship "America" will pass here, the crew of which will discover the bay and give it the name America, later renamed Nakhodka Bay. Over the next decade, hydrographic research was carried out in the area of the cape, which is dangerous for navigation, and in 1870, a military post was first erected on the cape - housing for the post keeper and a small pole on which a lantern was hung after sunset...
Bad weather over Cape Povorotny
Every year there were more and more ships passing through the cape area from Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, Kamchatka and back. The dangerous cape required a reliable permanent navigation fence. It was planned to “marry” Cape Povorotny in 1883. But, as always, there was not enough money and construction began only in 1890. A year earlier, everything necessary for the new lighthouse would be ordered from France, which produces the best lighthouse equipment. By 1891 everything will be ready. The equipment will be loaded onto the ship and, after almost trip around the world The lighthouse, disassembled, will arrive at Cape Povorotny. According to historical information The first beam from the tower of the Povorotny lighthouse became visible to the Hydrographic Service on July 6, 1892...
The first lighthouse tower was octagonal, 9 meters high. At the same time, the height of the rock cliff is 74 meters. The white light of the lighthouse was visible from a distance of 23 nautical miles. Soon, a separate building for the siren was built here, at the lighthouse. In October 1893, she made her first sound. Servicing the siren required a lot of labor. Five stokers of the Siberian naval crew were forced to use oxen to deliver here 500 buckets of water, which was delivered from wells dug in a nearby ravine; there was no underground water on the rocky Cape Povorotny. Therefore, to help the siren, a bell and a signal cannon were installed at the lighthouse. This is how the service personnel suffered for 15 years, until the steam siren was replaced with a pneumatic one in 1908...
At the edge of the Earth.
The lighthouse experienced a rebirth after the Civil War and the intervention of the 1920s, when the Far Eastern Republic was formed. In those years, everyone who had the influence and support of the military ruled in Primorye. Troops from Czechoslovakia, France, Canada, Great Britain, Japan and the USA occupied the entire Far Eastern Republic. Power passed from one to another, or even to the nascent Soviets, with varying degrees of success. Neither one nor the other had time for lighthouses, the supply of which had practically ceased. There was no food or fuel. In addition to this, the Lighthouse Directorate issued an order to dismiss the wives of lighthouse keepers. The same situation arose at Povorotny. Scandals began, lighthouse equipment began to be stolen. The absence of a beacon light has become commonplace. A year later, the order regarding the wives of the lighthouse keepers was canceled and in October 1918, after the lighthouse keeper was tried, new personnel were recruited. Although this did not save the situation. The civil war continued. At the lighthouse there were periodic shootouts between robbers. In the spring of 1919, an armed detachment of Bolsheviks arrived at Povorotny. “To protect the revolution,” food, fuel, and ammunition with guns were confiscated from the lighthouse workers.
Gradually, the lighthouse personnel began to leave here...
After civil war The lighthouse town on Cape Povorotny has undergone several renovations. Sometimes they had to be done after typhoons, traditional for these places. The places here are open and hurricane winds are common here.
The Povorotny Lighthouse also entered its name into the history of World War II, when caravans carrying Lend-Lease cargo from the United States to Vladivostok walked along these shores... According to information from the Hydrographic Service, after the war the lighthouse underwent a radical modernization, as it is now fashionable to say. The old 9-meter tower was increased to 12 meters. However, upon closer inspection of the lighthouse, no traces of this restructuring are noticeable. Rather, on the contrary, in place of the plaster that had crumbled from the constant winds and salty humidity, one can see old masonry, which was not typical for the Soviet period. Oak doors have long been replaced with metal ones. The window frame and riveted spiral staircase and turning frame have been preserved. There, at the lighthouse, a middle room called the “cabin” has been preserved, which is still lined with old mahogany with built-in exhaust portholes, which once contributed to better burning of the first burner for the lighthouse. There is no 50s and what it was like, this perestroika, is not known..
Cape Povorotny is iconic not only for sailors. In addition to the fact that it is the entrance eastern border of the Peter the Great Gulf, it also serves as a climatic barrier between the two coasts of southern Primorye. Here the waters flow along eastern shores cold Primorsky Current. It begins in the Strait of Tartary and carries the waters of the cold Sea of Okhotsk south to Cape Povorotny. Here it splits into two branches. The main one goes into the open Sea of Japan to the south, and the other, bypassing the Peter the Great Gulf, rushes to the shores of Korea. From the southwest, a branch of the warm Tsushima Current approaches the cape, the main branch of which runs along the coast of Japan. It is because of this that the climate on both coasts of the Sea of Japan is so different. Cold and windy winter days in southern Primorye periodically give way to sharp thaws; branches of both currents meet in the area of Cape Povorotny and form a constant counterclockwise whirlpool. It is precisely because of the “eternal dispute” of these two currents that the climate on the Japanese shores of the island of Honshu is moderately subtropical, while on the Russian shores of Primorye it is moderately cold. An interesting detail is that summer on the eastern coast of Primorye, the border of which runs along Cape Povorotny, is cooler than on the shores west of the cape. In winter, the opposite is true - it is much warmer on the shores from Cape Povorotny and further to the northeast than on the western shores, where Nakhodka and Vladivostok are located. Although Nakhodka is still more lucky in this regard - the winter here is still warmer than in Vladik... It is the cold Primorsky Current that brings strong summer fogs... All this natural injustice may change in the next decade, depending on the decision of the Russian authorities about connecting the mainland with Sakhalin. If the project for the construction of an embankment dam combined with a small bridge for the passage of ships is adopted, the strength of the cold Primorsky Current will decrease several times and will be compensated by the warm waters of the Tsushima Current...
Shooting the next episode of the film "Light Control"
Peeking into the “kitchen” of the Vladivostok television company.
Charming star of State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Vladivostok" - Tatyana Dubko
120 years after its birth, having survived all the wars and troubles, the Povorotny lighthouse continues to keep its watch on the cape of the same name, near Nakhodka...
Today the Mityanin family works at the lighthouse, headed by the head of the lighthouse, Sergei Vladimirovich Mityanin..
Seeing off the Sun.
The lighthouse has witnessed major maritime accidents. In the summer of 1941, not far from the cape, the Tungus crab catcher was blown up by a Soviet mine. The ship sank, taking with it 22 crew members.
On June 14, 1973, the submarine K-56 sailed along these shores, accompanied by the cruiser Vladivostok. Powers Pacific Fleet conducted test firing in the Sea of Japan and returned home. Many crew members were awaiting a long-awaited vacation. Many have already bought tickets to the west of the country. At about one o'clock in the morning, the submarine, sailing on the surface, approached Cape Povorotny. Two hours earlier, from the cruiser "Vladivostok" they noticed an object walking towards the submarine on which the radar system was turned off - the system was turned off because it was working at maximum load during the exercise. The technical break of the radar stopped just a few minutes before the fatal collision. Several objects appeared on the radar screen at once, but time was lost to identify them and make inquiries about their courses. The running lights of the Academician Berg were noticed two minutes before the impact. The full reverse command did not help and the ship hit the submarine on the starboard side, making a hole at the junction of two compartments.
"And a moment later, in the second compartment, a sharp command was heard from the commander of the BC-5, captain 2nd rank Leonid Pshenichny: “Batten down the bulkhead!” (block A3 (emergency protection) of the reactor - you have to decide on this!), otherwise the submarine would have lost speed and the fight for survivability would have been ineffective. At the cost of their own lives, the mechanic and the 26 guys who were with him, isolating themselves in the second emergency compartment, saved the submarine. boat, although they themselves did not really have time to understand what had happened at all, and did not know what was happening at those seconds in other compartments of the submarine. Personnel compartment died as a result of chlorine poisoning due to sea water into batteries..."
Through the hole, water began to flow into 1 compartment. where 22 people fought for the survivability of the submarine. They were able to maintain an air cushion, thanks to which the submarine remained afloat.
“The commander of the submarine, Captain 2nd Rank L. Khomenko, decided to land the submarine on a coastal sandbank in the area of Cape Granitny. For the first and last time in his life, the commander of the BC-1, Lieutenant Commander Yu. Mikhailov, was looking for a place on the map where to land the boat on aground, preferably on the sand. This saved the submarine and people from death. At dawn, several tugboats and ships approached the emergency submarine; the next day, the rescue ships that arrived placed pontoons under the K-56, the boat was refloated and towed to the dock. .
The collision of the Academician Berg with the K-56 was classified as a “navigation accident with serious consequences.” 27 people died, including 16 officers, 5 midshipmen, 5 sailors, and one civilian specialist from Leningrad. The collision was blamed on the crew of the nuclear submarine and partly on the ship Akademik Berg, which was moving towards the exit from the bay along the entrance fairway line. The actions of the K-56 commander, Captain 2nd Rank L. Khomenko, in the fight to save the boat were assessed as non-standard and effective. The boat was towed to the base on pontoons, restored, and continued service until 1992."
Birth certificate of the Povorotny lighthouse.
As soon as the celestial body goes beyond the horizon, navigational twilight begins. Only a few minutes will pass and the nightly usual watch of the night conductor will begin. The light of the identification coastal lighthouse Povorotny will temporarily become a guide for ships passing along the cape - for some, the light of Povorotny will see them off on a long voyage, for others it will become a long-awaited home greeting...
In the frame: journalist Tatyana Dubko, lighthouse keeper Sergei Vladimirovich Mityanin and leading cameraman of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Vladivostok" - Maxim Kalennik.
The heart of a lighthouse is its lens. Its design on Povorotny is noticeably different from others in its size - full human height. It consists of many 70 mm thick concentric glass rings adjacent to each other and fixed in a copper frame. Rays of light passing through the rings, which are made in the form of a prism, are refracted and strike 22 nautical miles with a radius of 230 degrees.
The concentric rings of the prismatic lens are regularly washed with special products.
6 seconds light, 2 seconds dark. The full cycle takes just 8 seconds and repeats again. And so on all night... until the rays of dawn appear above the horizon...
Basking in the life-giving light of the lighthouse
Passport of the lighthouse Rotary
Cape Povorotny is the entrance cape to Peter the Great Bay, dividing East Coast Primorye from Southern Primorye. Cape Povorotny is high and steep, practically devoid of vegetation. The cape is surrounded by underwater and surface rocks, and ships are not recommended to approach it closer than 2 cables. There is a sunken ship 8 miles south of the cape.
Story
In 1852-1854, the Russian corvette Pallada passed along Cape Povorotny. In 1859, the corvette steamship America, which discovered Nakhodka Bay, also headed for Cape Povorotny. Subsequently, hydrographic work near the cape was carried out on the corvettes “Kalevala”, “Novik” and the schooner “Vostok”. In 1870, at the insistence of the famous hydrographer V.M. Babkin, a Military post was organized on the cape, which included a caretaker’s house and a pole on which a lantern was hung after dark.
With the development of shipping along the Primorye coast, the need to install a powerful stationary lighthouse on the cape became obvious. In 1889, the technical equipment for the lighthouse was ordered from the French company Barber, which manufactured it in 1891. In 1894, the disassembled lighthouse, having sailed around the world, was delivered and installed on Cape Povorotny.
Lighthouse
The lighthouse on Cape Povorotny is an example of naval architecture of the second half of the 19th century. The lighthouse building is lined with armor plates. The lighthouse is built in three tiers and the most powerful of them is the first. The walls here are one and a half meters thick, the frames and doors are oak. On the second tier there is a cabin, which is accessed by a riveted spiral staircase. The walls of the cabin are decorated with mahogany, and in its center there is a mast with a memorial plaque about the lighthouse builders. Along the perimeter of the cabin there are exhaust ports that promote more intense combustion of the burner. On the third tier of the lighthouse there is a 70 mm lens, the light from which is visible at a distance of 30 miles.
The lighthouse building is crowned with a dome made in the shape of a candle and symbolizing the sky.
In the past, there was a bell next to the lighthouse that sounded signals in foggy weather. Today this ancient bell is located in the church in the village of Vladimiro-Alexandrovskoye.
(G) (I) Coordinates: 42°40′38″ n. w. 133°02′33″ E. d. / 42.67722° N. w. 133.04250° E. d. / 42.67722; 133.04250(G) (I)
The cold Primorsky Current carries water along the Eastern coast of the Primorsky Territory.
Cape Povorotny is similar to the famous Cape Cod; the difference in water temperature in summer is up to 6 °C - 11.7 °C and 17.5 °C, respectively (at Cape Cod the difference is 4.3 °C). In winter, on the contrary, to the east of the cape the water is warmer by about 3 °C.
Artillery battery No. 110 of the Suchansky coastal defense sector is located at the cape, built in 1939.
A lighthouse of the same name operates on the cape all year round, serviced by personnel living in a small village near the lighthouse. The village is part of the Nakhodka urban district.
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Notes
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Excerpt characterizing Povorotny (Cape)
Bolkonsky only tried to keep up with her and looked around, perplexed and unable to understand what was happening in front of him. Nesvitsky with an embittered look, red and not like himself, shouted to Kutuzov that if he did not leave now, he would probably be captured. Kutuzov stood in the same place and, without answering, took out a handkerchief. Blood was flowing from his cheek. Prince Andrei pushed his way up to him.-Are you injured? – he asked, barely keeping his lower jaw from trembling.
– The wounds are not here, but here! - said Kutuzov, pressing a handkerchief to his wounded cheek and pointing at the fleeing people. – Stop them! - he shouted and at the same time, probably making sure that it was impossible to stop them, he hit the horse and rode to the right.
The newly surging crowd of fleeing people took him with them and dragged him back.
The troops fled in such a dense crowd that, once they got into the middle of the crowd, it was difficult to get out of it. Who shouted: “Go! Why did you hesitate? Who immediately turned around and fired into the air; who beat the horse on which Kutuzov himself was riding. With the greatest effort, getting out of the flow of the crowd to the left, Kutuzov, with his retinue, reduced by more than half, rode towards the sounds of close gun shots. Having emerged from the crowd of those running, Prince Andrei, trying to keep up with Kutuzov, saw on the descent of the mountain, in the smoke, a Russian battery still firing and the French running up to it. The Russian infantry stood higher up, moving neither forward to help the battery nor back in the same direction as those fleeing. The general on horseback separated from this infantry and rode up to Kutuzov. Only four people remained from Kutuzov’s retinue. Everyone was pale and silently looked at each other.
– Stop these scoundrels! - Kutuzov said breathlessly to the regimental commander, pointing to the fleeing; but at the same instant, as if in punishment for these words, like a swarm of birds, bullets whistled through Kutuzov’s regiment and retinue. 2. Cape Povorotny - the entrance cape to Peter the Great Bay, separating the eastern coast of Primorye from Southern Primorye. Cape Povorotny is high and steep, practically devoid of vegetation. The cape is bordered by underwater and surface rocks.
3. In 1852-1854, the Russian corvette Pallada passed along Cape Povorotny. In 1859, the corvette steamship America, which discovered Nakhodka Bay, also headed for Cape Povorotny. Subsequently, hydrographic work near the cape was carried out on the corvettes “Kalevala”, “Novik” and the schooner “Vostok”. 
4. In 1870, at the insistence of the famous hydrographer V.M. Babkin, a Military post was organized on the cape, which included a caretaker’s house and a pole on which a lantern was hung after dark. 
5. With the development of shipping along the coast of Primorye, the need to install a powerful stationary lighthouse on the cape became obvious. In 1889, the technical equipment for the lighthouse was ordered from the French company Barber, which manufactured it in 1891. 
6.
7. In 1894, the disassembled lighthouse, having sailed around the world, was delivered and installed on Cape Povorotny. 
8. The lighthouse on Cape Povorotny is an example of naval architecture of the second half of the 19th century. The lighthouse building is lined with armor plates. 
9. The lighthouse is built in three tiers and the most powerful of them is the first. The walls here are one and a half meters thick, the frames and doors are oak. 
10. On the second tier there is a cabin, to which a riveted spiral staircase leads. The walls of the cabin are decorated with mahogany, and in its center there is a mast with a memorial plaque about the lighthouse builders. Along the perimeter of the cabin there are exhaust ports that promote more intense combustion of the burner. 
11.
12. On the third tier of the lighthouse there is a 70 mm lens, the light from which is visible at a distance of 30 miles. 
13. The lighthouse building is crowned with a dome made in the shape of a candle and symbolizing the sky. 
14. In the past, there was a bell next to the lighthouse that made sound signals in foggy weather. Today this ancient bell is located in the church in the village of Vladimiro-Alexandrovskoye. 
15. In the house where the lighthouse serves, there is a generator... 
16. ...workshop... 
17. ... and a room with navigation equipment. Old... 
18.
19. ... and the new one that replaced them. 
20. There is a small museum in the house in the form of heroes of the USSR 
21. Old inventory made in USSR 
22. Well, the lighthouse’s rest room. 
News on
Date of filming 10/14/2009
The standard number of the Povorotny lighthouse according to the book “Lights and Signs of the Pacific Coast of Russia” published in 2010 is 530. The international number of the lighthouse according to the description of the lights published by the UK is M7572.
The Povorotny Lighthouse was built 1.5 cables (278 meters) northeast of Cape Povorotny. Cape Povorotny borders Peter the Great Bay, located in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan, from the northeast. Cape Povorotny is high, steep and devoid of vegetation. From the sea it is not recommended to approach the cape closer than 2 cables (370 meters) due to the stones bordering the cape.
The name of Cape Povorotny corresponds to the nature of the change in the direction of the coastline at the cape from western to northeastern.
The lighthouse is installed at an altitude of 58.5 meters above sea level. Geographical coordinates lighthouse: latitude 42 40.41 N, longitude 133 02.51 E.
Povorotny Lighthouse is located on the coast of the Partizansky district of Primorsky Krai. To the nearest station Pacific Primorskaya railway 1.5 km, to the nearest village of Kozmino - 6 km.
Fresh water in a well on the territory of the lighthouse town.
Square land plot, allocated for the Povorotny lighthouse, - 4 hectares.
The Povorotny lighthouse is designed to provide navigation on the approach to the Peter the Great and Nakhodka bays (formerly America) and indicate Cape Povorotny, which occupies an outstanding position.
The need to build a lighthouse on Cape Povorotny was recognized back in 1863, when it was included among the five priority lighthouses, the first on the Primorye coast. But real preparation began only 20 years later. In 1883, a topographic survey and reconnaissance of the lighthouse construction site were carried out. In 1884...1889, options for the lighthouse project were developed in order to reduce the cost of construction and its coordination with the Main Hydrographic Directorate, the Construction Department of the Marine Technical Committee of the Maritime Ministry and the chief commander of the ports Eastern Ocean.
Construction of the lighthouse began in the summer of 1890 by Lindholm and Co., which won the auction.
The filming party of the Separate Survey of the Eastern Ocean under the command of Lieutenant Mikhelson, by order of the commander of the port of Vladivostok, was sent on the private schooner "Sibir" to Cape Povorotny to photograph the coastline from Cape Krylov - the eastern entrance cape of Nakhodka Bay (then - Gulf of America) to the east for 1 miles (1,852 km) towards Cape Povorotny and performing boat soundings on the reef. This work was caused by the use by ships of the bays near Cape Povorotny to unload materials for the construction of the lighthouse.
At this time, cholera spread in Vladivostok, which was also carried among the lighthouse construction workers. By order of the commander of the port of Vladivostok, even before the end of work on August 21, the survey crew was removed by the schooner "Aleut" and delivered to Razboinik Bay for a 6-day quarantine, after which Lieutenant Mikhelson and the crew were returned to the measuring party.
By the autumn of 1891, a 4.5 meter high stone lighthouse tower without a lantern structure, a residential building for the lighthouse keeper and crew, a service building and wells had been built. After inspection by the commission, these objects were transferred until the lighthouse was fully accepted and the lighthouse apparatus was installed under the jurisdiction of a special guard from the port of Vladivostok.
Construction of the lighthouse was completed in June 1892. A lantern structure and a 1st category Fresnel lighthouse apparatus (catadioptric) were installed on the tower. The tower was plastered and painted white, the lantern structure red. The height of the lighthouse from the base to the top of the deflector is 13.29 m. The light of the lighthouse is white and constant. The lighthouse illuminated the sea sector from NO 480 through O, S and W to NW 300 or, as is now customary, from 480 to 3300. Subsequently, the lighthouse illumination sector was reduced - from 82.50 to 307.50. The visibility range of the lighthouse light is 24 miles (more than 44 km).
The lighthouse began operating - its regular lighting - on July 6, 1892 (old style, or July 18, new style).
The lighthouse tower is made of rubble stone, has an 8-sided prismatic shape and a height of 4.5 m without a lantern structure. The size of the tower in plan is the diameter of the circle inscribed in the octagon - 5.5 m. Inside the tower there is a cylindrical room with a diameter of 3.35 m with a spiral cast-iron staircase 80 cm wide. The minimum thickness of the tower walls is 1.07 m. The walls are plastered outside and inside .
A lantern structure with a 12-sided glazed part on a cylindrical base 2.4 m high, with a spherical dome 1.9 m high and a deflector 0.82 m high is installed on the tower. The diameter of the lantern structure is 3.8 m and its height from base to top deflector 7.99 m. The glazing of the lantern structure has a height of 2.87 m and consists of 3 tiers of polished flat storm glasses with a width of 712 mm, a height of 1060, 995 and 708 mm, respectively, and a thickness of 9 mm. The deflector is designed to release gases from the combustion of kerosene or acetylene, as well as to prevent precipitation from entering the lantern structure and the influence of wind on the combustion of the burner flame.
The light-optical apparatus and the corresponding lantern structure were manufactured by F Barbier Cie in Paris (France). They are in use at the lighthouse to this day.
The catodioptric system of the 1st category light optical apparatus has a diameter of 1840 mm and a height of 2870 mm - the same as the glazed part of the lantern structure. It is a belt lens consisting of 17 dioptric, 26 catodioptric elements and 11 reflector elements.
The apparatus was originally equipped with a kerosene burner as a light source, which was subsequently replaced first with a kerosene-glow burner, then with an acetylene burner, and in 1951 with an incandescent electric lamp. The height of the fire above sea level is 67 meters, above the base of the tower - 8.34 meters.
The lighthouse is illuminated throughout the year. In 1901, for example, the lighthouse was illuminated for 4,313 hours during the year. Kerosene consumption per year is 305 poods 26 pounds (5,005.5 kg or 6,257 liters), that is, 2 pounds and 79 spools per hour (1,160 kg or 1.45 liters).
The light-optical apparatus of the lighthouse with an incandescent lamp with a power of 2 kW and a luminous intensity of 5,140 candles concentrates the axial luminous intensity of 853,125 candles in the working direction, which ensures the visibility range of the lighthouse light in clear weather up to 30 miles.
A stone building for a steam siren was built at the lighthouse with total area 75 sq. m. By the time the beacon opened, the siren was ready for operation. All that remained was to install devices for supplying coal and water to the siren.
The steam siren as a means of fog signaling began to operate a year after the lighthouse was illuminated on October 29, 1893. A high-pitched siren sound signal lasting 6 seconds for 1 minute, using a rotary resonator, was distributed in sector 900 - in south direction in azimuth from 1350 to 2250. The propagation range of the siren sound against a force 4 wind is about 1 mile (less than 2 km), in the perpendicular direction - from 1.5 to 1.75 miles (from 2.8 km to 3.2 km) .
To operate the siren, the daily water consumption was 500 buckets (6,150 liters). To transport water, 3 people, 3 oxen worked and 3 carts with barrels with a capacity of 20 buckets (246 liters) were used on each cart.
For example, from December 30, 1893 to October 8, 1894, during the siren operation, 5,834 pounds of coal (95.6 tons), 24 pounds (393 kg) of machine oil and petroleum jelly were consumed.
The operating hours of the siren varied throughout the year. In 1901, the siren worked 1,497 hours, in 1902 - 698 hours, in 1903 - 801 hours.
As a backup means of fog signaling, a bell 60 cm high and weighing 16 pounds 6 pounds (265 kg) and a cannon were installed in the lighthouse, which fired shots in response to fog signals from ships at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes, depending on the distance of the signal. The bell was intended to provide an audible fog signal when the siren was faulty.
The lighthouse staff consisted of a lighthouse keeper (the first lighthouse keeper was in the crown - state - service), 8 people of a civilian crew to perform lighthouse duty, 3 people of civilian servants to transport coal and water to the siren building and 5 people of lower ranks from the Siberian naval crew - drivers and stokers when the siren is heard. In total, the lighthouse staff consisted of 17 people. Later, lighthouse keepers were persons without rank. All lighthouse personnel were housed in a stone residential building with a total area of 244 square meters. m.
Storerooms and other support premises were located in a stone service building with a total area of 128 square meters. m. All buildings were plastered and painted white.
In 1904, due to the outbreak of the Russian-Japanese War, the lighthouse and siren were not operational. But the lighthouse staff remained. During the hostilities, a telegraph communication was established with the lighthouse, which was maintained in the future. Peaceful time. The warden was required to report all approaching military and commercial vessels. After the end of hostilities, the lighthouse began operating on October 19, 1905.
In 1906, Kirillov, a technician at the Directorate of Lighthouses and Eastern Ocean Navigation, built a powder magazine at the lighthouse.
In 1907, a signal mast was installed at the lighthouse for negotiations with passing ships according to the International Code of Signals.
In 1908, the steam siren was replaced by a pneumatic one, which worked in 1909 for 993 hours, in 1913 for 731 hours, in 1914 for 882 hours, in 1915 for 1,246 hours and in 1916 for 1,324 hours.
It was a siren from the French company Sauter-Garle, produced back in 1880. The siren had two kerosene engines of the same company with a power of 10 hp each. at 240 rpm. Fuel consumption was 400 grams per 1 hp. per hour, that is, the engine consumed 4 kg or 5 liters of kerosene per hour. Engine cooling was forced water. To produce compressed air, one double-acting piston compressor with a capacity of 2.5 cubic meters was installed. meters per minute at a pressure of 2.5 atm. and 55 rpm. The drive from the motors to the compressor was belt. A high-pitched sound with a frequency of 835 Hz was created by a rotary apparatus from the same company. Air consumption was 0.56 cubic meters. meters per second. The sound was emitted for 5 seconds every 90 seconds in a southerly direction. The radiation angle was 2490. From 1909 to 1949, that is, over 40 years, the siren worked 34,313 hours. In 1952, due to the complete exhaustion of its service life and obsolescence, it was replaced by a domestically produced pneumatic siren.
During the years of the Civil War and Japanese intervention, the Povorotny lighthouse did not suffer any significant losses. By 1927, the lighthouse's lighting sector had decreased from 2820 to 134.50 - it was from 300 to 3120, now it was from 127.50 to 2620. The lighthouse still had a siren, a cannon and a bell.
Notice to mariners of the Hydrographic Service of the Pacific Fleet (hereinafter - GS Pacific Fleet) No. 181 dated March 10, 1935 reported the installation at the Rotary lighthouse and the opening of the Rotary radio beacon of circular radiation, having a signal “I” (. - . -) in Morse code, operating on frequency of 300 kHz with a wavelength of 1,000 meters and having a range of 50 miles (more than 92 km). The signal was given for 2 minutes with a pause of 4 minutes. The radio beacon operated in clear weather from 6.00 to 7.00, from 12.00 to 13.00 and from 18.00 to 19.00. In fog, snowstorm and darkness, the radio beacon worked continuously until the weather cleared. The radio beacon is designed for direction finding by ships equipped with a direction finder.
The bell, preserved as a means of fog signaling, had a set operating characteristic of 2 strikes every minute.
Since 1939, instead of a constant light, the light of the lighthouse was made to flash - 1.5 seconds. light and 4.5 sec. darkness. To do this, a cabinet with a rotation mechanism and a sector rotating screen with a shield was installed around the optical system. The characteristics of the lighthouse's fire could be adjusted by the speed of rotation of the screen or by changing the screen. The visibility range of the lighthouse light was determined to be 22 miles (almost 41 km).
Notice to mariners of the Pacific Fleet State Fleet No. 385 dated December 14, 1951, in connection with the transfer of the lighthouse to electric lighting, reported a change in the characteristics of the lighthouse light. The flashing light changed to eclipsing - 6 seconds of light, 2 seconds of darkness. The apparatus was equipped with an incandescent lamp with a power of 2 kW. The visibility range of the lighthouse light was increased to 26 miles (48 km), but in 1967 it was returned to its previous value of 22 miles.
To electrify the lighthouse, it was reconstructed in 1951. 521 A separate construction site (521 OSU) of the Construction Department of the Pacific Fleet, created in accordance with the 1949 resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers on the restoration and development of navigation equipment of the USSR seas (chief Major Rastokhin), built a brick lighthouse technical building with a total area of 158 square meters. m, in which two diesel-electric DC units with a power of 6.8 kW each were installed. This building was put into operation on October 20, 1951. In addition to the lighthouse fire control equipment, the building housed radio beacon equipment. The work was led by foreman Volkov.
During the reconstruction process in the same 1951, a 4-apartment stone residential building with a total area of 266 square meters was built in the lighthouse town. m, a stone bathhouse, a warehouse for storing fuel and lubricants in containers, 2 steel fire tanks with a capacity of 25 cubic meters. m each and a steel lattice tower of the lighthouse backup 4 meters high, on which an F-300 light-optical apparatus with a 25-liter acetylene burner was installed. The visibility range of this light was 10 miles (18 km). It was subsequently increased to 12 miles (22 km). Construction of a 4-apartment residential building began on February 15, 1951 and was completed by putting it into operation on December 30 of the same year.
On April 15, 1952, Notice No. 100 to seafarers informed about the commissioning of a new domestic pneumatic siren of the DSU-50/51 brand at the Melitopol Compressor Plant instead of the Sauter-Harle siren, which had exhausted its service life in 42 years. The new siren produced a low tone signal of 165 Hz. The nature of the signal was: 3 seconds sound - 16 seconds silence - 3 seconds sound - 36 seconds silence - a period of only 58 seconds. The siren was installed at a height of 43 meters above sea level in the building of the former siren. Two diesel engines of the brand “1 D 16.5/20” with a power of 17 hp each. powered two vertical single-action compressors of the “125 V” brand with a capacity of 3 cubic meters. m of air per minute at a pressure of 3 atm. The sound was created by a sound apparatus of the “VS” brand from the “Pnevmatika” plant in Leningrad. This siren operated until 1969, when it was replaced by a nautofon.
On September 4, 1959, the KRM-100 radio beacon was put into operation, which was installed instead of the MRM-54 radio beacon, which had exhausted its life and was obsolete.
In 1962, 2 steel tanks for diesel fuel with a capacity of 25 cubic meters were installed. m.
The next reconstruction of the lighthouse was carried out in 1968...1970. The work was again carried out by military builders of the Pacific Fleet. In the lighthouse and technical building, 2 new automated diesel-electric units of the “ASDA - 2/12” brand and electrical equipment were installed, and central water heating and ventilation systems were installed. In March 1969, the pneumatic siren brand “DSU - 50/51” was abolished and in April dismantled. In the lighthouse and technical building, a Swedish-made “LIEJ-300” audiophone was installed, which was put into effect by Notice to Mariners No. 232 part 1 of October 15, 1970. To install the nautofon emitters, a steel lattice tower 12 meters high was built. To ensure the operation of the radio beacon, 2 masts, the supports of the T-shaped antenna, which had fallen into disrepair, were replaced with steel ones 30 meters high.
In 1969, a boiler room with two Universal water-heating boilers was installed in the siren building, as well as a transformer substation and a coal warehouse. A steel chimney was installed. A heating network 232 meters long was laid from the boiler room to the lighthouse technical building and residential buildings. An external water supply system 229 meters long was made with a well and a pumping station, as well as an external sewer system 392 meters long with a septic tank and the release of purified water to the terrain. IN residential buildings and the lighthouse and technical building were equipped with internal water heating, water supply and sewerage systems.
An overhead high-voltage power line with a voltage of 6 kV was built to connect the lighthouse to the state power grid of the village in Kozmino Bay, 3,800 meters long.
The total volume of capital investments in the reconstruction of the Povorotny lighthouse in 1967...1970 amounted to 527 thousand rubles. A special aid to navigation of the PZM-400 brand was installed at the lighthouse.
In April 1988, the KRM-100 brand radio beacon was replaced by a newly developed KRM-300 brand radio beacon.
In 1994, 2 sets of UVE-40 M wind power units were installed as a backup power source for the lighthouse.
In 1998, due to the depletion of the resource, the nautofon was abolished.
In 1999, Elektromontazh LLP reconstructed the intra-city electrical network. The cost of the work amounted to 271.7 thousand rubles. In 2009, the fencing of the lighthouse territory was reconstructed at a cost of 852.1 thousand rubles.
The tower, lantern structure and light-optical apparatus have been operating at the lighthouse since its foundation until the present day.
The heads of the lighthouse were civilian specialists: in 1950 - Smirnov, in 1977 and 1980 - A. Klepikov.
Since its foundation, the Povorotny lighthouse has been under the jurisdiction of the Main Hydrographic Directorate of the Maritime Ministry of Russia and the Hydrographic Service of the USSR, then of the Russian Federation, and ensures the navigation of ships in a difficult area for navigation at the entrance to Peter the Great Bay.