Where is Mikhailovsky Garden? Story. Modern garden life

The Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is one of the most amazing park areas of 18th century architecture. The complex is unique in that it combines two styles: landscape and regular. Peter the Great is considered the founder of the park. The Emperor gave it the name " Summer garden" Today the park area is 10 hectares.

This garden in St. Petersburg was given a special status: the monument was created by the famous architect of those times, Carl Rossi.

Historical reference

Three centuries ago, on the territory of the park we are interested in there were settlements of peasants, as well as the hunting grounds of Captain Kanau. But in 1716, the great Emperor of Russia Peter I gave a decree on the construction of the General Plan of the three Summer Gardens to the city planner Jean-Baptiste Leblond. The first two parks were located on the lands of this Summer Garden. The third was the current Mikhailovsky Garden.

In fact, Leblon combined the plots into a giant garden and park complex. Peter the Great personally approved the plans he conceived. The layout of the palace was 98% identical to the central part of the top of Peterhof. Spruce trees grew there, and gardeners shaped them into pyramids. The avenue of chestnut trees led in a straight line to the parterre with a pergola (trellis gazebo).

During the first period of its existence in the southwest, the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg was planned as a regular garden. Experts grew fruit trees, medicinal herbs and healthy roots there. Greenhouses and greenhouses were built on the territory of the garden, in which exotic plants and fruits grew.

Innovations of Elizabeth - daughter of Peter

The emperor's daughter, Elizaveta Petrovna, in 1741 instructed the outstanding architect of that time to create new project on the lands of the palace of Catherine the First. This project was prepared by the architect in the spring of 1743. Mikhailovsky Garden (St. Petersburg) was a labyrinthine park filled with fountains and sculptures.

The reverse side of the palace was planned by Rastrelli in the form of another garden, on the territory of which the architect designed two ponds in the shape of figures, and also placed a fountain and a flower garden in the form of patterned lace. The lands were planned taking into account the clarity of geometric shapes, straight and intersecting alleys. And in the center they dug five rectangular ponds.

Mikhailovsky Palace

When he ascended the Russian throne, the Summer Garden again underwent a lot of changes. In 1787, the palace in the park was demolished. And by 1801, by order of Paul I, architects erected the Mikhailovsky Palace.

This castle is an analogue of an impregnable fortress. It has drawbridges, the walls of the palace are surrounded by ditches of three canals:

  • Voskresensky.
  • Church.
  • Obvodny.

At this time, the Summer Garden received its modern new name - Mikhailovsky, or Upper Summer Garden. The layout was not changed at that time. But after the death of Paul the First, the autocrat’s family left the castle, and the parks and canals fell into disrepair. A few years later, in 1822, the palace was transferred to the Main Engineering School.

Attractions nearby

As you already understand, the Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is located in historical center Northern capital. Therefore, plan your trip to the park carefully, because it is surrounded by museums, temples and monuments.

List of attractions nearby:

  • Russian Museum - 125 m.
  • Ethnographic Museum - 222 m.
  • Engineering castle - 241 m.
  • Spas-on-Blood - 246 m.
  • Mikhailovsky Theater - 301 m.
  • Arts Square (monument to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin) - 303 m.
  • Theater Bridge - 306 m.
  • Monument to Peter the Great from Rastrelli - 308 m.

Mikhailovsky Garden in St. Petersburg is an object cultural heritage Russian Federation. This status was assigned to the park for its centuries-old history. In three centuries he has seen a lot. Three hundred years ago there were hunting grounds there that belonged to the Swedish captain Kanau. And the openwork lattice fence of the park is another work of art. It is an interweaving of leaves and flowers in Art Nouveau style. It is supported by 36 columns, decorated on top with urns and flowerpots. During the Great Patriotic War, trenches were dug in the park to hide not only soldiers, but also sculptures of the Russian Museum from bullets. Today the park complex is 10 hectares of flowering and fragrant lawns.

Come to St. Petersburg - a place worthy of attention!

A unique example of early Russian Art Nouveau in St. Petersburg:

Forged fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden near the Church of the Resurrection on Spilled Blood (Savior on Spilled Blood).

The color photo was taken using a unique technology by the photographer of the last tsar, Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky, in 1907, immediately after the installation of the fence (the builders had not yet removed the temporary electrical line).

it is irretrievably lost.

The wrought iron fence was made in 1903-1907 at the St. Petersburg art and locksmith factory "Karl Winkler".

The author of the fence is not exactly known. This is probably the author of the Savior on Spilled Blood, architect Parland. Beautiful cylindrical columns are lined with glazed brick in two tones. There are stylized lanterns on the columns, like hats.

Over 80 years, due to the bad climate of St. Petersburg, half of the metal structures were lost and the facing bricks were cracked.

At the end of the “dashing” 90s, a grandiose restoration was carried out (Sponsor - tobacco company J. T. International). The history of the restoration was reminiscent of a detective novel: craftsmen conducted meticulous research, rediscovering the secrets of old technologies...

Thus, in the archives a negative on silver was found, from which it was established that the monogram of Alexander III and the imperial crown should be placed on the gate (obviously, the monogram and crown were removed in Soviet time for ideological reasons).

Based on the same photographic materials, the lanterns on the pylons and the large forged leaves in the center of the forged gates were restored.

Alexander Borzov‎

Alexander, you said everything correctly. It’s just that this fence was restored by my workshop. Stack LLC - Creative workshop of Gennady Vyunov.

As for the fence project, it’s really not known exactly who drew it.

But the first option was in the sketches. I found it in the archive. It was very simple, not at all like the real thing. The work was actually done by Winkler’s workshop.

Some links have a mark on them. But the most interesting thing is different. The two restored links bear two personal marks side by side. Remember these names - DOBRYANOV and NIKITIN.

Now you can imagine what kind of masters they were if Winkler himself allowed them to stage them

Gennady Vyunov

In winter, the fence is already very impressive

acquires a fantastically unearthly beauty!

Lattice of the Mikhailovsky Garden (Russia) - description, history, location. The exact address, phone, website. Tourist reviews, photos and videos.

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Walking along the Griboyedov Canal in the area of ​​the Savior on Spilled Blood, one cannot help but notice the magnificent Art Nouveau lattice separating the Mikhailovsky Garden from the embankment. It is truly unique, but the most interesting thing is that the creator remains unknown. Many attribute it to the thoughts of the architect Alfred Parland, who created the Savior on Spilled Blood, especially since the events coincide in time - this is the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. It was on this spot that in 1881 an assassination attempt was made on Tsar Alexander II, in honor of which a cathedral was erected, and a memorial plaque was installed on the fence of the Mikhailovsky Garden.

What to see

The grille stands on a parapet lined with red granite slabs. It consists of 36 columns lined with colored bricks in the form of a spiral. Bottom and top they are trimmed with white stone, which gives them a sophisticated look. Several pillars and gates are decorated with tiles depicting strange flowers and birds. Most of majolica was lost and has not yet been recreated.

The forged parts of the grille were manufactured at the Karl Wikler plant. The company's products adorn many Famous places St. Petersburg, for example, the famous Singer House (now the “House of Books”).

The basis of the fence is forged latticework with intricate floral patterns - blooming flowers, branches - they can truly be called cast iron lace, created by a master of the highest level. There are interesting lanterns installed above the gate - these are an exact copy of those that were here 100 years ago, but adjusted for modern realities - they are “put on” with an anti-vandal mesh. However, it looks quite organic. When restoration began at the beginning of the new millennium, documents were found in the Russian Museum showing that the royal monogram of Alexander II hung on the gate. The new gate and grille exactly follow the design of the old ones.

Practical information

Address: St. Petersburg, emb. Griboyedov Canal. Coordinates: 59.939924, 30.329740.

How to get there: from Nevsky Prospect, turn onto the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal towards the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood.

The Mikhailovsky Garden is one of the rarest monuments of landscape architecture of the 18th – first third of the 19th centuries, representing a unique combination of two different styles of landscape art on the same territory - regular (“French”) and landscape (“English”). This is also an example of a brilliant solution to the architectural ensemble of the Mikhailovsky Palace building and natural landscape Mikhailovsky Garden, subordinated to the plans of the architect K.I. Russia. The Mikhailovsky Garden can be considered one of the most striking and characteristic examples of the influence of the change in landscape architecture in landscape architecture.

The Mikhailovsky Garden is part of the complex of volumetric-spatial composition of the central part of St. Petersburg, including the Summer Garden and the Field of Mars. Over the long period of its existence, the garden has repeatedly changed its layout, obeying new fashion trends and the tastes of the owners.

Mikhailovsky Garden in the history of St. Petersburg

Initially, in the territories of the present Summer, Mikhailovsky and Engineer Gardens there were rural settlements, an estate and hunting grounds of Captain Konau - this is evidenced by the plan of 1698. In 1716–1717 architect J-B. Leblon, commissioned by Peter I, completed the General Plan of three Summer Gardens. The First and Second Gardens were located on the territory of the existing Summer Garden. The third was the garden where the palace of Catherine I was located at the beginning of the 17th century. The Mikhailovsky Garden was part of the Third Summer Garden and was called “Swedish”.

Leblond's plan, approved by Peter the Great himself, was, in essence, a project to create a single grandiose palace and park ensemble.

The northeastern part, where the palace of Catherine I was located, was the front part. The depiction of the palace in plan almost completely repeats the plan of the central part of the Upper Chambers of Peter I in Peterhof. Near the palace there were pyramid-trimmed fir trees. An alley of chestnut trees led to a large parterre with a trellis gazebo, a figured pool with a fountain and sculpture.

The southwestern half of the garden initially had the layout of a regular fruit garden - a garden of the Russian Court with plantations in bosquets, where gooseberry bushes, currants, cherry trees, fragrant herbs and roots were grown. There were also greenhouses, greenhouses, greenhouses and cellars in which various southern exotic plants and fruits were grown.

During the reign of Anna Ioanovna, on the territory of the “Swedish” garden there were areas with “spare” maple trees, i.e. a nursery. A “jagdgarten” was also set up there - a small hunting area where hares and deer were kept in specially fenced areas for court hunting.

Project Rastrelli

In 1741, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna suggested F.B. Rastrelli to complete the project of a new Summer Palace on the site of the palace of Catherine I and its garden. In April 1743, F.B. Rastrelli presented a project for a labyrinth garden, decorated with sculpture and fountains. Behind the palace, another front area was planned with two figured ponds, a fountain and a patterned lace flower bed. The Swedish Garden has been slightly modified. The territory was divided into geometric sections by the intersection of longitudinal and transverse alleys, and five rectangular ponds were dug in the center. Thus, we can say that the Third Summer and “Swedish” gardens became another example of Russian gardening art of the 18th century.

In 1800, in connection with the start of construction of the Mikhailovsky Castle, the palace of Elizabeth Petrovna was demolished. The territory adjacent to the castle completely includes the “Rastrelli” and “Swedish” gardens. In the “Rastrelli” garden, two figured ponds with linear planting of trees along their perimeter are preserved. In the “Swedish” garden, four ponds have been preserved, which were connected to each other by an underground canal, extended to the western figured pond.

The Third Summer Garden began to be called the Upper Summer Garden or Mikhailovsky Garden. The layout of the “Swedish” garden and its purpose as an orchard in the western part and a walking garden in the eastern part does not change. Unfortunately, the ensemble of the Mikhailovsky Castle did not last long in this form. After the tragic events of March 11, 1801, the castle ceased to exist as an imperial residence. The royal family leaves the castle, and the park and canals gradually fall into disrepair.

Mikhailovsky Palace

In 1819, a new stage in the formation of gardens began. On the site of the old greenhouses adjacent to the Upper Summer Garden from the south, K.I. Rossi, commissioned by Alexander I, is carrying out one of the largest ensembles - the design of the Mikhailovsky Palace for Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, the redevelopment of the Mikhailovsky Garden and the improvement of the square in front of the southern facade of the palace. The final project for redevelopment of the garden at the Mikhailovsky Palace was approved by the highest in April 1822. K.I. Rossi worked on this object together with the architect A.A. Menelas, who was instructed to immediately begin implementing the project.

K.I.Rossi preserves the unique water system ponds of the Mikhailovsky Garden and the Resurrection Canal of the Mikhailovsky Castle, supplementing it with the construction of an underground collector that connected the large pond with the Moika River. Around the Mikhailovsky Castle, according to the design of K.I. Rossi, a square of two rows of trimmed trees is planted. A characteristic feature of the composition of the Mikhailovsky Garden, which K.I. Rossi reflected in his project, was the preservation of the layout of individual sections according to the designs of J.-B. Leblon and F.B. Rastrelli. K.I. Rossi created an exemplary “English” garden, in which all the basic planning techniques of the landscape style, taken from English landscape architecture of 1715 - 1760, were used with great expressiveness.

butter meadow

In the Mikhailovsky Garden, in front of the façade of the palace, Rossi placed a vast meadow (“Masleny” meadow) of irregular oval shape, framed by an alley, inscribed in a regular layout grid. Another typical technique for planning an “English” garden is the use of ponds with irregularly defined banks. That is why the architect turned the geometric pools into picturesque ponds, the banks of which were given winding “natural” shapes; the small rectangular ponds in the center of the garden were filled in. Another traditional element of the landscape park appeared in the garden - a pavilion with a pier on the banks of the Moika River, located on the site of the foundation of the first wooden palace of Catherine I.

During the redevelopment, K.I. Rossi retained the system of alleys, which forms the basis of the composition. The alley plantings were partially preserved and supplemented with picturesque groups of trees. On the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden there were many flower beds and beautiful flowering shrubs.

Mikhailovsky Garden in the 20th century

In 1902, the small eastern pond became shallow and was filled in. In connection with the construction of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ (architects I. Makarov and A. Parland), the western part of the garden was significantly reduced. In 1922, the garden was renamed “MOPR Garden” (International Organization for Assistance to Fighters of the Revolution). The former Mikhailovsky Garden under this “poetic” name acquired the status of a city park. A transverse path crossed the “Maslenaya” meadow; platforms for a stage and pavilions were built where exhibitions and children’s playgrounds were organized. In 1961, a city toilet was built in the garden, and then a tennis court. All planting of trees and shrubs was carried out chaotically. The growing trees covered the garden façade of the palace itself and the perspective from the palace to the Champ de Mars. Every year the features of the magnificent historical landscape disappeared.

Surveys carried out in 2000 showed that the garden was in critical condition. The reconstruction project was carried out by the State Institute of Architecture (SIA) in St. Petersburg in 2001. The plan of the architect K.I. is taken as a basis. Rossi 1826. In accordance with the project, the garden was proposed to return the historical significance of the Mikhailovsky Palace - Mikhailovsky Garden complex. The principle of reconstruction was based on preserving the regular French layout around the perimeter of the garden, and the landscape English style in the center.

The Mikhailovsky Garden is perhaps the most famous park in the central part of St. Petersburg, and probably only the nearby Summer Garden can compete with it in popularity. The history of the Mikhailovsky Garden dates back to the times of Peter the Great, and the most eminent masters of landscape architecture - Bartolomeo Carlo Rastrelli and Karl Ivanovich Rossi - took part in its construction.

How to get there

The metro stations closest to the garden are Nevsky Prospekt and Gostiny Dvor. We recommend getting off at Nevsky Prospekt to stroll along the embankment of the Griboyedov Canal and admire beautiful temple Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, built in memory of Emperor Alexander II.

Story

In Swedish times, on the territory of the Mikhailovsky Garden there were various agricultural buildings, an estate and hunting grounds. In 1712, construction began here of a palace for the wife of Peter I, Catherine. The palace was located on the site of the current Rossi pavilion.




In 1716-1717, Peter I ordered the creation of a plan for three Summer Gardens. The first two were located on the territory of the modern Summer Garden, and the third was located on the site of Catherine's palace. The modern Mikhailovsky Garden was precisely part of it.

In 1741, Rastrelli began building a palace on the site of the modern Engineering Castle. But already in 1796 Paul I ordered the palace to be demolished and a new one built. Vasily Ivanovich Bazhenov, famous for designing the ensemble of the Moscow imperial residence Tsaritsyno, was appointed as the architect. In 1800, the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle was consecrated.





In 1819, Carl Rossi began building the Mikhailovsky Palace; the architect also carried out large-scale redevelopment in the garden. At the same time, a pavilion was built on the banks of the Moika River, now named after the great architect.


In the 20th century, the garden underwent chaotic development and was changed beyond recognition. The park's territory was reduced in 1902 due to the construction of the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood. Since 1922, the Mikhailovsky Garden was called the “garden of MOPR” (International Organization for Assistance to Fighters of the Revolution). There were areas for performances and exhibitions, playgrounds and even a tennis court.
In the 2000s, the garden underwent a global renovation and restoration according to the 1826 design of Carlo Rossi. Now the park belongs to the State Russian Museum.





Not far from the Mikhailovsky Garden are the most famous St. Petersburg attractions - the Summer Garden, the Field of Mars, the Engineers' Castle and, of course, the main thoroughfare of the city - Nevsky Prospekt.

In short, in general:



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