Baikal Reservoir on the map. Irkutsk reservoir reservoir. Flora and fauna

It is the deepest reservoir in the world.

Irkutsk Reservoir: general information

A reservoir is a flooded river valley between a dam and the river's source from a lake, with big amount narrow bays.

Area - 154 km 2 (flooded part of the reservoir - 138.6 thousand hectares).

Length - 65 km.

Along the right bank of the reservoir there is -), the shortest path from to. The length of the road is 56 km. After the reservoir bed was flooded most of The road was built along a new route.

It was built along the left bank of the Irkutsk reservoir from 1896 to 1905, which was used as a section before the reservoir was flooded. To date, a section of the Circum-Baikal railway preserved only on the coast.

The rivers flowing into the reservoir are usually small. Mostly small streams flow from it. The exceptions are two larger rivers - Kurma and Alanka. The right tributaries are fuller. This is explained by the flatter right bank of the reservoir. The largest of these rivers is called the Bolshaya.

The lower parts of the tributary valleys at the site of formation of the reservoir were flooded with water and formed the bays of the reservoir. The largest of these bays is Kurminsky, its length is 11 km, area is 20 km². In the bays of the reservoir there are Siberian cold-loving fish -,. Commercial fishing of valuable fish in the reservoir is prohibited.

The forests along the reservoir's coastline are primarily pine. In places where forests have been destroyed, they are usually replaced by birch forests.

The left bank is steeper and therefore less accessible. More forests have been preserved here and there are practically no settlements(only in the vicinity of Irkutsk there are small villages, tourist centers and dachas. The latter are mainly not on the shore of the reservoir, but in the distance.

The right bank, due to the terrain and the presence of a road, is much more developed. There are settlements and agricultural areas here. In addition to the city of Irkutsk and the village located along different sides reservoir, along the right bank there are many residential buildings - dachas, holiday homes, pioneer camps. On the shores of Kurminsky Bay, as well as in the bays of Ershi, Burduguz, Melnichnaya Pad, Elovy, there is a large number of recreation centers. Not far from the shore of the reservoir is the ethnographic museum of Taltsy.

Flow regulation

The Irkutsk reservoir carries out long-term flow regulation. Before the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station, the level regime of the Angara River in the area of its source was determined by the air temperature in the channel area. In the upper reaches of the river, the influx from the deep water layers of Lake Baikal preserves high temperature water throughout the winter, which was reflected in its late freezing near Irkutsk - as a rule, freeze-up occurred in January. The large fall of the river, together with low air temperatures in winter, led to intensive formation of slush, which filled the riverbed and caused the water to rise. The high level of the Angara persisted every winter, and from spring to autumn it was much lower. Severe frosts in January before the freeze-up could cause catastrophic floods. Such, for example, were the January floods of 1870, 1900, 1939 and 1952, which occurred during the onset of forty-degree frosts and led to significant flooding of Irkutsk.

Literature

TSB, 1969-1978.
Fuel and energy complex // On the state of Lake Baikal and measures for its protection in 2007: report of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia.
Sokolov A.A. Hydrography of the USSR. Part II. Hydrography of natural historical areas Soviet Union. Chapter 23. Eastern Siberia. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1954..
A new bathymetric map of Lake Baikal. INTAS Project 99-1669. - Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Consolidated Research Group on Marine Geosciences (CRG-MG), University of Barcelona, Spain; Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation; State Science Research Navigation-Hydrographic Institute of the Ministry of Defense, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.

Links

Irkutsk Reservoir // Nature: website.

Irkutsk reservoir created at the source of the river. Hangars during the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station.

The reservoir was filled in 1956-1959. The reservoir has a complex purpose and is intended to generate electricity, water supply to cities and industrial enterprises, and the development of fisheries.

The main water source of the reservoir is the lake. Baikal. The backwater of the Irkutsk Hydroelectric Power Station dam raised the water level of Lake Baikal by an average of 1 m, resulting in flooding of low-lying areas of the lake's coastal zone and delta areas. large rivers, flowing into the lake. Baikal, - Selenga, Barguzin, Upper Angara, Kichera. The area of the sora system reservoirs adjacent to the lake has noticeably increased, reaching 100 thousand hectares.

The catchment area at the hydroelectric site is 604,300 km 2 , the average annual flow is 60,320 million m 3 , during a flood - 34,500 million m 3 .

With an NSL of 457 m, the area of the reservoir is 17 thousand hectares, with an LSL of 453 m - 13 thousand hectares. Total capacity is 2103 million m3, useful capacity is 450 million m3. Length 65 km, maximum width 4.2 km, depth at the hydroelectric dam 35 m, average - 10 m, shallow water area up to 1 m 6.5 thousand hectares, from 1 to 2 m - 6.7 thousand hectares.

There are more than 20 bays in the reservoir, of which the largest (Korolok, Burdakovka, Uladovo, Elovy, Uzkiy, Volchiy, etc.) are located mainly in the forest zone. More than ten rivers flow into the reservoir, the main of which are Bolshaya, Taltsin, Burduguz, Korolok, Lanka, Kurma.

A channel-type reservoir with rapid water changes, low temperatures, and poor food supply. In terms of fisheries, it is divided into three reaches.

The upper source reach from Baikal to Bolshaya. The river, 10 km long, maintains its river regime and has no significant tributaries.

The main spawning rivers for whitefish - grayling, taimen, lenok - flow into the middle reach from Bolshaya Rechka to Kurma Bay, which is 27 km long.

The lower reach from Kurma Bay to the hydroelectric dam, 18 km long, is the deepest lake section with deep-flowing bays.

The flooding of the vast shallow waters of Baikal and the Angara floodplain created favorable conditions for the reproduction and feeding of young phytophilous fish spawning in the spring.

The reservoir is home to 25 species and subspecies of fish, the main ones being grayling, lenok, taimen, dace, roach, crucian carp, perch, ruffe, pike, and burbot. In addition, Uba bream, Amur carp, Baikal omul and whitefish were introduced.

During the formation of the reservoir, the stocks of rheophilic fish decreased, the stocks of perch and roach increased. Since the reservoir is connected to Lake Baikal, there is a constant exchange of ichthyofauna.

The reservoir is used for recreational and sport fishing. Commercial fishing is not carried out, although it can be organized.

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Unique in all respects, the Irkutsk reservoir is located on the territory of two regions of Russia - the Republic of Buryatia and Irkutsk region. It is considered the deepest reservoir in the world, located on the Angara River and includes the pearl of Russia - freshwater lake Baikal.

The reservoir begins its history back in 1950, when its construction began, which lasted 8 years. It is of great importance for the region: the reservoir provides water to the Irkutsk hydroelectric station, and also prevents the occurrence of large floods, which often flooded Irkutsk before the construction of the reservoir.

Fishing and recreation on the Irkutsk reservoir

Thanks to the excellent climate and huge area, the reservoir became great place for relax. Along the Baikal Highway there are many tourist centers and hotels, as well as the Taltsy Museum, famous throughout Russia. Sports centers offer a huge selection of sports equipment for swimming and hiking.

The waters of the reservoir are constantly replenished by large and small bays. Many of them have become places of “pilgrimage” for fishermen, who come from all regions to get a generous catch from the waters of this reservoir. Here live: lenok, grayling, taimen, Amur carp, bream, whitefish. And, of course, common fish species: perch, carp, carp, pike.

The purest Siberian air and beautiful landscapes turned the Irkutsk reservoir into beautiful place relaxation with family and friendly company. Although once in a lifetime everyone should admire the deepest thing in the world fresh lake Baikal.

The Irkutsk Reservoir is a unique bay of Lake Baikal, created by human hands. It was formed in the valley of the Angara River as a result of the backwater of the Angara waters by the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric station in 1956-1959. The reservoir stretches from Irkutsk towards the source of the Angara for 65 kilometers, its width is from 4 km at the dam to 0.5 km at Lake Baikal. The area of the reservoir is about 150 km2, and the greatest depth reaches 40 meters.

On the banks of the Irkutsk reservoir there is the capital of the Angara region - the city of Irkutsk, a village, along the reservoir there is a number of tourist centers and hotels, and at the 47th kilometer of the road on the right bank of the reservoir there is a famous architectural and ethnographic museum. In Irkutsk, a water sports club operates in the water area of the reservoir.

Reservoir bays

The Irkutsk Reservoir has many picturesque bays protruding deep into the land, the largest of which is Kurminsky Bay, its length is 11 km, area 20 km2. On its shores, as well as in the bays of Ershi, Burduguz, Melnichnaya Pad, on the 17th km of the Baikal tract, there are large gardening partnerships. The bays of the reservoir are considered an excellent place for fishing; Siberian cold-loving fish are found here - grayling, taimen, lenok; the reservoir has successfully mastered bream from Lake Ubinskoye Novosibirsk region, Amur carp from Lake Petropavlovskoye, Amur Region. 6.5 million fry of Baikal omul and 2 million fry of Malaya Sea whitefish were released into the reservoir. Commercial fishing of valuable fish in the reservoir is prohibited. Only low-value fish species are caught: pike, perch, etc.

The creation of the reservoir provided excellent conditions for the movement of lake-type vessels and high-speed “missiles” from Irkutsk to Lake Baikal. All ships depart from the Raketa pier in the Solnechny microdistrict of Irkutsk.

The Irkutsk reservoir is located in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. It was formed due to the flooding of the Angara River valley for the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station.

The reservoir area is 154 square kilometers, length is 65 kilometers, total length coastline- 254 kilometers. Maximum depth- 35 meters, according to this indicator it ranks first in the world.

The Irkutsk reservoir has an elongated shape, its banks are heavily indented and have many bays. They house gardening organizations, children's camps and recreation centers. The reservoir is also popular among fishermen, although it is prohibited to catch rare and valuable species of fish, but species such as pike, perch and others are allowed.

Before the appearance of the reservoir, Irkutsk suffered from flooding caused by floods, but after its construction this problem was solved.

The reservoir is located in a harsh climate zone, average temperature V winter time-18 degrees, in summer +18.

Irkutsk reservoir

You can get acquainted with the Irkutsk Sea by taking a ride on the comfortable high-speed “Rocket”, which runs from the Solnechny microdistrict to Listvyanka on Lake Baikal.

You will comfortably sail 65 kilometers along the picturesque shores of the Baikal Sea national park with a special regime of environmental management.

On both banks of the reservoir there are large bays that are well warmed up in summer. In the reservoir, grayling, taimen, lenok, pike, and perch are well caught with a fishing rod and spinning rod. Irkutsk is visible from afar from the reservoir - the lights are especially impressive big city and hydroelectric dams in the evening and at night.

In Irkutsk, a water sports club operates in the water area of the reservoir and regattas are regularly held.

On the right bank there is the Architectural and Ethnographic Museum of the Peoples of the Angara Region or the Museum of Wooden Architecture "Taltsy". Some of its exhibits are truly unique.

Near the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station, the Angara icebreaker, turned into a museum, is anchored, which at the beginning of the 20th century transported trains across Lake Baikal.

The journey through the reservoir ends at the Raketa pier, not far from the icebreaker museum.