The largest monuments in the world. The tallest statues in the world The most popular characters over 10 meters high

Since ancient times, humanity has strived to create gigantic structures, including sculptural works. Thus, the height of the legendary Colossus of Rhodes, erected by the ancient Greeks in the harbor of the city of Rhodes, was 36 meters (the height of a 12-story building) and amazed people who lived in the old days. But the famous statue is far from modern sculptures, the dimensions of which are several times larger.

Which statue is the tallest on Earth, and which sculptural works are included in the list of the tallest statues in the world? You will find the answers in this article. It should be noted that the list includes monuments that represent the object in full height; therefore, the list does not include, for example, a bust image of the emperors Yang and Huang, 106 meters high.

Top: 10 tallest statues in the world

The “Spring Buddha” sculpture, located in the Chinese province of Henan, is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the tallest statue in the world and as the most big statue deities - Buddhas. The height of the huge sculpture together with the pedestal is 153 meters, the size of the Buddha figure is 128 meters. There are future plans to increase the height of the largest statue in the world by adding a pedestal. The cost of implementing the project amounted to $55 million. The Buddha weighs about 1000 tons, and 1100 copper parts were used to create it.

The second place is also occupied by a statue of Buddha. 130- meter statue Laukun Sektuar is located in Myanmar in Sagaing District. Surprisingly, the structure was erected without the help of cranes.

In third place is also the statue of Buddha - Amitabha, located in the Japanese city of Ushiku. The total height of the majestic structure is 120 meters. There is an elevator inside the structure that takes you to the observation platform. The impressive size of the statue is evidenced by the fact that each finger of the Buddha is 7 meters long!

In fourth position is a 108-meter sculptural image of the goddess Bodhisattva, located in China in the Guanyin province. The artistic design of the sculpture is interesting: the three-sided statue symbolizes the presence of the deity in the past, present and future, essentially demonstrating the immortality of the Buddha.

The Portuguese statue of Cristo Rey (Christ the King), whose height is 103 meters, fully corresponds to the sculptural image of Christ in. But most big statue Jesus Christ is officially considered the sculptural figure of the Christ King in Poland. Although the height of the sculpture is 52 meters, it is located on a small pedestal, unlike the Portuguese statue. The span of the god-man's arms is mesmerizing - the distance between the hands is 25 meters!

Sixth and seventh places were shared by patriotic sculptures: the stone Motherland in the capital of Ukraine Kyiv and the reinforced concrete “Motherland Calls!” In Volgograd. The dimensions of the majestic figures are colossal: the height of each is 102 meters. The Volgograd statue is the tallest statue in Russia, and the Kiev statue is the tallest in Ukraine. Both female figures are located in memorable places: Ukrainian near the Republican Museum of the Great Patriotic War, and Russian - in the historical ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” on Mamayev Kurgan.

The height of Sendai Daikannon - sculptures of the goddess Kannon in Japan, in the Tohoku region is almost 100 meters.

In honorable ninth place is the monument to Peter I in Moscow. The bronze and steel monument, 96 meters high, was erected on an artificial peninsula within the Moscow River.

The world-famous American 93-meter high completes the list of the tallest sculptural statues. “Lady Liberty” is a gift to the United States from France for the centenary of the American Revolution. The crown, reached by stairs, offers wide views of the harbour. The pedestal houses a museum of the history of the structure, which is reached by an elevator.

A statue is a sculpture that is a three-dimensional image of a human figure, an animal, and sometimes a fantastic one. Most of the tallest statues in the world are located in China, but Russia also has its own record holders.

Lenin monument

Place: Volgograd, Russia Total height of the monument: 57 meters Year: 1973
Monument to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin at the entrance to the Volga-Don shipping canal. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's largest monument erected to a real living person.

Worker and collective farmer

Place: Moscow, Russia Total height of the monument: 58 meters Year: 1937
"The ideal and symbol of the Soviet era." The famous sculptural group of two figures with a hammer and sickle raised above their heads

According to the sculptor, the boy and girl represent the owners of the Soviet land - the working class and the collective farm peasantry

“Worker and Collective Farm Woman” is a symbol of the Mosfilm film studio. (Photo by Andrey Ulyashev)

Independence Monument

Place: Kyiv, Ukraine Total height of the monument: 61 meters Year: 2000-2001
Monument dedicated to the independence of Ukraine. The monument is located in the center of Kyiv on Independence Square.

Statue Buddha Maitreya in Leshan

Place: Leshan, China Total height of the monument: 71 meters Year: 713
The Buddha statue was carved into the rock in Mount Lingyunshan at the confluence of three rivers in the Chinese province of Sichuan and for more than a millennium was the tallest piece of sculpture in the world.

Guanyin statue in China

Location: Foshan, China Total height of the monument: 77 meters

Buddha statue in Wuxi

Place: Wuxi, China Total height of the monument: 88 meters Year: 1996
Considered to be the largest bronze statue in the world

Buddha statue at Ang Thong

Location: Ang Thong, Thailand Total height of the monument: 92 meters Year: 2008

Statue of Liberty

Place: New York, USA Total height of the monument: 93 meters Year: 1886
She is one of the most famous sculptures in the USA and in the world. Since its discovery, the statue has served as a navigational landmark and has been used as a lighthouse.

The crown, accessed by a staircase of 365 steps, offers expansive views of New York Harbor

Monument to Peter I

Place: Moscow, Russia Total height of the monument: 98 meters Year: 1997
Work by Zurab Tsereteli, commissioned by the Moscow Government for artificial island, poured at the division of the Moscow River. (Photo by Yuri Dmitrienko)

Then the monument caused almost unanimous rejection in the circles of the public and architects due to its appearance and lack of value for the city.

Guanyin Statue with a Thousand Hands and Eyes

Place: Changsha, China Total height of the monument: 99 meters Year: 2009

Sendai Daikannon

Place: Sendai, Japan Total height of the monument: 100 meters Year: 1991
Statue of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.

There is an elevator inside the statue that takes you to the very top.

Motherland

Place: Kyiv, Ukraine Total height of the monument: 102 meters Year: 1981
The monument-sculpture “Motherland” is located on the high right bank of the Dnieper

In one hand the statue holds a 16-meter sword weighing 9 tons. (Photo by Constantine Zuev):

The Motherland is calling!”

Place: Volgograd, Russia Total height of the monument: 102 meters Year: 1967
Monument to the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad on Mamayev Kurgan. The size of the sculpture can be estimated by the people nearby

It was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. The length of the arm is 20 meters and the length of the sword is 33 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8,000 tons, and the sword is 14 tons

Cristo Rey

Place: Almada, Portugal Total height of the monument: 103 meters Year: 1959
Statue of Christ in Almada, Portugal.

Portugal did not participate in World War II, so women donated money for the statue of Christ, since he saved their sons, husbands and fathers from death by preventing Portugal from participating in hostilities.

Emperors Yang and Huang

Place: Zhengzhou, China Total height of the monument: 106 meters Year: 2007
Depicts the first two emperors of China. Construction lasted 20 years and was completed in 2007

Humanity has always strived for gigantism, and the tallest statue in the world has always been erected in different countries. However, each time the record was broken by even higher statues.

Tallest statue in the world - Spring Buddha

According to the Guinness Book of Records, this greatest statue is recognized as the tallest in the world, and is also the largest monument to the deity - Buddha.

This sculpture was erected in Hainan Province (China), the cost of it amounted to 55 million dollars. The weight of the monument is about 1000 tons, the height together with the pedestal is 153 m.

As the Chinese told us, the Buddhists of this country were very angry when, in 2001, giant Buddha statues were blown up by militants in the Afghan province of Bamiyan, and then they decided to build this one in China.

Laukun Sectuar

Myanmar is a very poor country, but come on, they built a grandiose monument in honor of Buddha, which became the second in the world. By the way, it was built with donations from the people of Myanmar (see).

Laukun Sektuar (also known as Lezhong Sasazha) is located in Sikaing County and is said to have been built without the use of cranes. Construction of the monument began in 1996 and lasted almost 12 years.

It is noteworthy that in the lying part of the monument there is a temple. The height of the vertical part is 129.24 m.

Monument to Buddha - Amitabha in Ushiku (Japan)

This statue is 120 m high, and each finger of the Buddha is 7 m. The Ushiku Daibutsu statue was built in 1995 and became the third tallest in the world.

It is located in the city of Ushiku, 50 kilometers from Tokyo (about Japanese cities -). There is an elevator inside that takes you to the observation deck.

Monument to Goddess Guanyin (Bodhisattva)

This 108-meter structure ranks fourth among the tallest sculptures in the world. It is located on a small island near south coast Chinese Hainan and was built relatively recently - its opening took place in 2005. Unfortunately, I can’t find time to write about my trip to this island this year((.

It took 6 years to create the monument and now it is a place of pilgrimage for numerous tourists. Its architectural design is also interesting - the statue is tripartite and symbolizes the unity of the past, present and future.

This majestic sculpture, ranked 5th in the Tallest Sculpture in the World category, is unique in that it was carved into the rock. The work took 20 years and was completed in 2007. Its height is 106 m, and the grandiose monument itself is dedicated to the two very first emperors of China - Yan Di and Huan Di, whom the Chinese greatly reverence.

Statue of Cristo Rey (Christ the King) in Portugal

This statue, ranked sixth, is located in Portuguese city Almada and outwardly resembles a copy of the Brazilian sculpture of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro. Its height is 103 m.

The monument was built using public donations, since Portugal did not take part in World War II, women donated money for the statue of Christ, who saved their sons and husbands from death in the war.

Sculptures The Motherland Calls in Volgograd and Kyiv

Both sculptures are almost the same height and occupy 7th and 8th places in the ranking The tallest statue in the world, their height together with the pedestals is approximately 102 m. The Motherland is built of stone in Kyiv, and the reinforced concrete “The Motherland is Calling!” - in the hero city of Volgograd. Accordingly, one of them is the highest in Ukraine, and the other in Russia.

The Russian monument was erected on Mamayev Kurgan and is part of the military-historical memorial “Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”. Here – read about the ancient Russian city of Tarusa.

Goddess Kannon Sculpture (Sendai Daikannon)

This 100-meter-high statue was built in the Japanese province of Tohoku and ranks 9th. The monument is dedicated to the goddess of mercy Kannon - one of the important heroines of Japanese mythology and in the modern culture of this country. Few people know that the famous company Canon bears the name of this deity.

An elevator installed inside the monument takes tourists straight to the dragon's mouth. There is an observation deck with a view of the city of Sendai and its surroundings.

Monument to Peter I in the Russian capital

Tenth place in the category Tallest statue in the world was taken by the monument to Peter I - a monument made of bronze and steel 96 m high. It was built on a specially erected artificial island on the Moscow River. At first, the author of the sculpture, Zurab Tsereteli, received a lot of criticism for the monument, but now everyone has gotten used to it.

And below there are other rather large sculptures, known to the world. This is the famous Statue of Liberty in New York (93 m), and the statue of Buddha (92 m) in Angthong (Thailand), and the statue of the goddess Guanyin of the same height in Chinese city Changsha.

Frozen giants: the most large monuments peace

Monuments should be monumental. 47 years ago in the United States, the construction of the tallest monument in the world was completed - the steel arch "West Gate" with a height of 192 meters. Inside the arch, which resembles half of the McDonald's icon, there is an elevator that takes visitors to the very top, to the observation deck. However, such structures should be tall - this is their purpose. What about the monuments? Seems, many sculptors also try to make them “the bigger the better.” Sometimes, even between different countries, a “race of monuments” arises, similar to the “race of skyscrapers.” I suggest you overview of giant sculptures located in different countries of the world.

Most of the largest and tall monuments is located in China and depicts Buddha. Therefore, in my rating I will allow myself to move away from mathematical precision and skip some of them so as not to bore you with repetitions. In addition, in the rating I include sculptures depicting people, gods or animals. We will not consider stelae and other geometric structures. So, let's go!

Spring Temple Buddha, China, 128 meters

The tallest statue in the world is, of course, in China. And depicts, of course, Buddha. It is located in Zhaocun Township, Henan Province. The sculpture of the Buddha of the Spring Temple is now 128 meters tall, the total height including the pedestal is 153 meters. The giant is only 10 years old, but in the near future it should “grow up” - it is planned to transform the hill on which it is located into a pedestal. If these works are completed, the total height of the monument will be 208 meters. Why is this necessary? It’s very simple, the fact is that in India, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, a Buddha monument is also now being built... more than 150 meters high. The Chinese, of course, do not want to lose their championship.

Ushiku Daibutsu, Japan, 100 m

The next 7 points in the rankings are occupied by various Buddha monuments located in China, Japan, Myanmar and Thailand. But I want to mention the bronze statue of Buddha Ushiku Daibutsu, located in the Japanese city of Ushiku. It was built in 1995. The height of the statue itself is 100 meters, and if you take into account the lotus-shaped pedestal and the lower platform, the total is 120 meters. The arm length of this statue is 18 meters, the width of the smile is 2.5 meters, the length of the nose is 1.2 meters.

Inside the statue there is an elevator that takes visitors to an observation deck located at a height of 85 meters above the ground.

Motherland, Russia, 82 meters

Having missed several Buddhas, we safely reach the famous sculptural composition “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, located on the Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd. Statue "The Motherland Calls!" has its own height of 82 meters, and if you take into account the pedestal, it comes out to about 87. The height of the woman’s figure is 52 meters, her arms are 20 meters long, and the sword is another 33. There are 200 steps leading to the monument - that’s how many days the Battle of Stalingrad lasted.

The statue was unveiled in October 1967 and is listed in the Guinness Book of Records: At that time this monument was the tallest in the world. Interestingly, the huge statue is not attached to the foundation in any way: it simply stands on it, like a chess piece on a game board. Unfortunately, there are no tours inside this monument. And it would be very interesting to get there.

Monument to Peter I, Russia, 98 meters

Who loves big sculptures is Zurab Tsereteli. The total height of Peter the Great, together with the ship, which flaunts not far from the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, is 98 meters. The history of this monument is more comical than great. Evil tongues say that at first it was Columbus, whom Tsereteli unsuccessfully tried to sell to America. But it turned out to be easier to come to an agreement with the Moscow authorities than with the American ones; Columbus turned into Peter and installed himself in the center of Moscow.

No matter how they criticized it, no matter how they tried to demolish it or at least move it. But Peter is still there. A Muscovites now have their own giant monument.Another question is whether they are happy about it or not.

However, there is a pattern here. In this place (or rather, on the site of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior) another grandiose monument could stand: The 400-meter Palace of the Soviets, which serves as a pedestal for the huge monument to Lenin. It even began to be built in 1937. But then the war began, the metal structures were dismantled into anti-tank hedgehogs. After the end of the war, the USSR also had no time for palaces, and the project was successfully forgotten.

Buddha statue in Leshan, China, 71 meters

Well, again a little about Buddhas. I would like to mention the statue carved into the Lingyunshan rock at the confluence of three rivers primarily due to its venerable age: Its construction began in 713, construction lasted 90 years. With a total height of 71 meters, the length of her fingers reaches 8 meters, and the length of her nose is 5.5 meters.

Motherland, Ukraine, 62 meters

Although the overall height with the pedestal of the Kyiv Motherland monument exceeds the Volgograd one (102 meters versus 87), I like the sculpture on Mamayev Kurgan much better. She looks more beautiful, more natural and more organic. But the Kyiv “Motherland” has one advantage: it has elevators with which you can climb to the top of the shield, get to the observation deck and admire the panorama of the Dnieper.

Statue of Liberty, USA, 46 meters

When assessing monuments, it is very important whether the pedestal is taken into account. For example, The “height” of the girl with the torch is only 46 meters. If we take into account the column on which the symbol of America stands, the height of the monument more than doubles and becomes 93 meters.

The famous sculpture is a gift from French citizens on the centenary of the American Revolutionary War. It was opened on October 28, 1886 (so the gift arrived a little late). Inside the pedestal there is a museum with an exhibition dedicated to the history of the statue. Using an internal elevator, tourists can get to the top of the monument and see New York City through the windows located on the crown. But, unfortunately, it’s impossible to go to the torch now: The staircase there has been closed to visitors for a century now.

Genghis Khan statue, Mongolia, 40 meters

Mongolia is home to the largest and tallest equestrian statue in the world. The height of Genghis Khan on horseback is 40 meters, the pedestal adds another 10. It is located 54 kilometers from Ulaanbaatar. According to legend, in this place Genghis found a golden whip. The monument was built only 4 years ago for obvious tourist purposes. Inside the pedestal there is not only a museum and art Gallery, but also restaurants, entertainment centers and souvenir shops.

On the square around the monument it is planned to create theme park, dedicated to Mongolian life of the 13th century.

Statue of Christ the King, Poland, 36 meters

The famous statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, built in 1931, has long been no longer considered the tallest monument depicting the Savior. In 1994, the 30-meter palm statue was deprived of primacy by its 34-meter counterpart in Bolivia. But this monument did not last long at the top - literally two years ago a 36-meter high one was built in Poland. If the stone Jesus competition continues, many more similar statues may appear in Christian countries.

The height of the monument erected in the city of Swiebodzin is 36 meters, together with the pedestal - 52. On the head of the Savior there is a gilded crown three meters high.

Alyosha, Russia, 35.5 meters

Well, I propose to finish with a monument located in Murmansk "To the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War." People call such statues “Alyosha”. The Murmansk monument is the largest. The height of “Alyosha” itself is 35.5 meters, and the height of the monument with its pedestal is 42.5 meters."Alyosha" looks at the city from the hill Cape Verde, 173 meters above the bay.

The opening of the memorial was timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi troops in the Arctic.

And one is the smallest

Finally, I offer a bonus to the most patient readers: the world's smallest monument. A 10 cm monument can be (albeit not easy) find in Stockholm. He is 1 cm lower than our "Chizhik-Pyzhik". The miniature figurine is none other than Nils from the fairy tale "The wonderful journey of Nils with wild geese" , reduced by a gnome wizard . He sits with his hands wrapped around his knees and looks at the sky. The baby looks quite unhappy. Therefore, probably tourists and local residents they leave candy, coins, or even children's toys at the monument. And in winter, some especially compassionate citizens wearmonument.

What are your favorite monuments?

Any country in the world tries to show its uniqueness and stand out from other states, glorify itself, its gods and great figures who played a significant historical role. Exist different ways attracting the interest of a large number of people, one of which is the erection of statues, so colossal that they can be seen from the far corners of the planet. The most tall statues of the world are erected for centuries, as a sign of the steadfastness and power of the country, as well as as historical value for subsequent generations.

The Statue of Liberty and the Washington Monument are the pride of Americans

Many people believe that the Statue of Liberty is the tallest statue in the world. Indeed, this majestic monument, an American symbol, evokes awe and admiration.

However, its height of 93 meters today does not cause the same surprise, because there are higher monuments in the world. Which statue is the tallest in the world?

Against the backdrop of the monuments available on Earth, the monument to the first President of the United States of America, George Washington, stands out in its enormous size, which was considered the tallest building on the planet before its construction Eiffel Tower. Located between the Capitol and the White House, it is a giant marble-clad stele. Its base is surrounded by fifty flags representing the 50 states of the Union. The shape of the obelisk resembles a pencil, which is why it is called that among Americans.

History of the Washington Monument

The design of the monument lasted almost a hundred years, including a 25-year break due to Civil War and the slow recovery of the country. The first call for construction took place back in 1738, when the Continental Congress decided that in honor of the American victory under George Washington in the Revolutionary War, an equestrian statue should be erected in his honor. Due to limited resources in those days, the monument was never built. Implementation old dream Americans about the creation of a monument that the world had not yet seen, found its continuation in 1838, when a collection of donations for its construction was started and a competition was announced for best idea. Robert Mills won, proposing a stunning project that turned out to be unaffordable, but was nevertheless taken as the basis.

The first stone of the future masterpiece was laid on July 4, 1848, using a shovel that was used to lay the foundation for the Capitol half a century before the event described by Washington himself. Construction was completed in 1884, and the monument was officially opened in October 1888. At the same time, a steam elevator was installed on it, which gave way to an electric one in 1901. From the top of the monument on the observation deck you can see the Capitol building, Thomas Jefferson, and the White House.

Victory Memorial - the pride of Russia

What is the tallest statue in the world after the Washington Monument? With a difference of 30 meters - this is the Victory Monument, erected in 1995 on May 9th. It is part of the Moscow-based Poklonnaya Hill. The height of the monument - 141.8 meters - was chosen deliberately: 10 centimeters for every day of the war.

The shape of the obelisk resembles a triangular bayonet covered with bronze bas-reliefs. On a granite podium at the foot of the monument there is a statue of St. George the Victorious, slaying a snake with a spear - a symbol of evil. At the 100-meter mark there is a 25-ton group of sculptures, which includes a bronze figure of Nike, the goddess of Victory, bearing a crown, and two cupids proclaiming a joyful event.

Tallest statues in the world: Spring Temple Buddha

The statues of the world, which are huge in size, mostly depict Buddha. For example, the height of the tallest statue in the world, the Buddha of the Spring Temple, is 128 meters, of which 28 meters are given to the lotus-shaped pedestal. Such a grandiose structure is located on a 25-meter pedestal, to which a staircase leads, consisting of 365 steps and 12 flights, symbolizing the number of days and months in a year. Erected in 2002, the tallest Buddha statue in the world rises above the village of Zhaocun in Henan Province, China.

This sculpture represents one of the five sacred Buddhas, embodying Wisdom. It was made from separate parts (about 1100 pieces), then folded into one whole. 15 thousand tons of steel, 33 tons of copper and about 108 kilograms of gold were spent on its production, and the total cost of the entire project was about $55 million. The idea of erecting such a colossus arose after the Taliban blew up two of the world's tallest statues of Buddha in Afghanistan. In 2010, the hill on which it was installed giant statue, was converted into two stone steps, which increased the height of the sculpture to 208 meters. This served as the basis for its inclusion in the Guinness Book of Records.

Japanese Buddha

No less impressive in its size is the tallest Buddha statue in the world (after the Spring Temple Buddha), located in Japan in the city of Ushiku - the 120-meter Amitahba Buddha statue, created in 1995. Its construction took about 600 bronze plates connected to each other; The weight of the graceful colossus, according to rough estimates, is about 4000 tons.

Being a true work of art and a living embodiment of modern engineering thought, the sculpture inside is equipped with museums and observation decks, which offer stunning views of the world. There are also special rooms inside the monument; You can leave a sign with your innermost desires in them. There are also small tombs, a place in which can be purchased by any Japanese at a price of 3,000 to 10,000 euros. Each tomb is marked with a plaque with the names of the buried people. The place for the statue was chosen deliberately: it was in Usika, after many years of solitary life and meditation, that Dharmakara received enlightenment and became Buddha Amitabha. By the pose of the statue, one can determine that the Buddha passes on his knowledge and teachings to his followers, helping them achieve enlightenment.

The Buddha's headdress is not an ordinary one; on his head is a hat in the shape of his reduced face.

Lezhong Sasaja - 116-meter Buddha

A religious sculpture in Myanmar (Sikaing District) is the statue of Lezhong Sasazha. The 116-meter tall Buddha statue, mounted on a 13.4-meter-high pedestal, stands next to another Buddha that was built 17 years earlier.

Officially, the monument, which took 12 years to build, was opened in 2008 and was the tallest sculpture at that time. Predominant color architectural structure is yellow.

Tallest statues in the world: Goddess Guanyin

The pride is the beautiful statue of the Goddess Guanyin, erected in 2006. Its height is 108 meters. This majestic sculpture is located on an artificially created island, to which an originally designed road leads through green Park. The three-faced goddess, whose white color harmoniously combines with the blue sea and water, attracts many tourists from all over the world.

One face of the goddess is facing the island of Hainan, the other two are directed into the sea, symbolizing the protection of the whole world. In her hands the goddess holds a rosary, the number of beads of which is 108. According to Feng Shui, this is a sacred number, considered auspicious by the Chinese. By the way, 108 monks were also present at the opening of the monument in 2008. On the other hand, the goddess has a book in her hands and the name Guanyin means “looking at the suffering of the world,” and the goddess personifies mercy and wisdom. People come to her to pray for the children; at the foot of the statue there is even a certain place where you can stand and ask the goddess for the most secret things.