Nautilus pompilius Mongolian steppe. Geographical zones of Mongolia. Information about Mongolia. Information about Mongolia. The Mongolian steppes amaze with their loneliness
Mongolian steppes amazes with its loneliness
The Mongolian steppes amaze with their loneliness
This time we are happy to tell you about most beautiful places Mongolia. This country is quite underrated by travelers. And only now, true seekers of beauty and lovers of solitude find peace in the serene expanses of the Mongolian wastelands.
In this country, mountain peaks have their own names, seemingly derived from their rank. So, for example, mountains Khaan, Bogd, Zaisan. There are few mountains suitable for the title of Bogd in Mongolia. Such mountains, as a rule, have their own primeval legend about ancient knowledge and otherworldly powers. Here is Mount Shiliin Bogd - this is an amazing and very special mountain, and all because the flow of winds from four different directions, which originate in northwestern Mongolia, are found at the top of this mountain.
In addition to this, on local climate influenced by a very humid atmosphere from southeastern Hyangang. Temperate climate flowers grow in this area: wansemberu, gandigaar - flowers warm countries, as well as steppe grasses. Every man in Mongolia wants to climb this mountain and whisper his wish. It is this mountain that appears in the Suhebaatar aimaks - the tales of Toroso Bands. On this mountain they proclaimed oaths of allegiance to each other. To everyone who climbed to the top of this mountain, the most big mountains Shiliin Bogd, there comes a feeling that he has risen above the ground and is floating in a state of weightlessness. From the top of Mount Šiliin Bogd, more than 1,700 meters above sea level, more than 200 extinct volcanoes stretch blue below.
Mongolian steppes
In the steppes of Darganga, at the foot of Mount Shiliin Bogd there is a small hill. If you look closely, next to this mountain you will see a small rounded hill, it resembles a yurt. This is the entrance to the cave, which is located on the territory of Dargang Suhebaatar, about 15 kilometers north of Mount Shiliin Bogd.
But the cave - Tal is one of the most long caves of volcanic origin, which are known to Mongolia. It is connected by an underground corridor to the Zuun Nartyn cave. Locals they say that wolves run away from hunters by entering this cave, and come out of the Zuun Nart cave.
13 kilometers from the center of the Darganga soum of the aimak is Lake Ganga, located among the sands. Amazing rare birds nest on the shores of this particular lake, such as gangar swans, as well as tseng cranes, which have long been listed in the Red Book.
In ancient books and sutras it is written about Lake Ganga that it originated from the Ganga River. The word itself has several meanings - loving, pitying, saving. That's why local population They call this lake Ganga mother.
This lake is filled with water from 21 springs. The largest of them is the Orgikh spring. This spring is located less than a kilometer from the shore. The peculiarity of this spring is that when lingering songs are sung or another loud sound is made, the spring begins to gurgle and gush.
The main attraction of Mongolia is its unearthly nature
Having visited a Japanese zoo, two years ago the President of Mongolia decided to create the same one in his homeland, preserving the rarest species of animals there. Thanks to this idea, for two years now, all the species that are rapidly being exterminated can live peacefully on the territory of this not even a zoo. Now it's a whole big one national park. In this regard, the group and Tama Zoo have now completed preparations to transport five horses, of which 1 male and 3 females, to Tokyo from the zoo in the Swiss city of Zurich at the end of this year. The body length of a wild horse reaches 200 cm, at the withers - 130 cm. Weight reaches 300-500 kg. The color is close to Savrasa: the color of the coat is red-yellow, the tail, mane and so-called stockings on the legs are brown-black. The horse's head is large and massive, on the sides of which there are large dark eyes, providing good review. The color of the animal is golden brown. The belly and muzzle are much lighter, almost white.
INFORMATION FOR TOURISTS
RELIEF, GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES
Mongolia has an area of 1,564,116 sq. km and is mainly a plateau raised to an altitude of 900-1500 m above sea level. A series of mountain ranges and ridges rise above this plateau. In the south and east of the country there are extensive hilly and ridged plateaus, intersected by individual hills. Average height territory of Mongolia, very large - 1580 m above sea level. There are no lowlands in the country at all. The most low point country - the Khukh Nuur basin - lies at an altitude of 560 m. Forests mainly grow in the forest-steppe zone, located in the northern part of the country. The forest fund area is 15.2 million hectares, i.e. 9.6% of the entire territory.
To the east and south of Ulaanbaatar towards the border with China, the height of the Mongolian plateau gradually decreases, and it turns into plains - flat and level in the east, hilly in the south. The south, southwest and southeast of Mongolia are occupied by the Gobi Desert, which continues into north-central China. In terms of landscape features, the Gobi desert is by no means homogeneous; it consists of areas of sandy, rocky, covered with small fragments of stones, flat for many kilometers and hilly, different in color - the Mongols especially distinguish the Yellow, Red and Black Gobi. Land-based water sources are very rare here, but groundwater levels are high.
Natural conditions of Mongolia extremely diverse - from north to south (1259 km) there are taiga forests, mountain forest-steppes, steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. Researchers call Mongolia a geographical phenomenon that has no analogues anywhere. Indeed, within the Mongolian People's Republic there is the southernmost permafrost center on Earth, and in Western Mongolia, in the Great Lakes Basin, the world's northernmost border of dry deserts lies, and the distance between the permafrost distribution line and the beginning of the deserts does not exceed 300 kilometers. In terms of temperature fluctuations, both daily and annual, Mongolia is one of the most continental countries in the world (the maximum annual amplitude of temperature fluctuations in Ulaanbaatar reaches 90 ° C): in winter Siberian frosts are raging there, and the summer heat in the Gobi can only be compared with Central Asian. These are truly paradoxical physical-geographical phenomena, coupled with the vastness of the territory (the straight line length from west to east is 2368 and from north to south 1260 kilometers), the clear delineation of geographical zones (from taiga to steppe and from steppe to desert), with sharp differences in elevation and the clear predominance of mountainous terrain create the unique face of the country, define and explain its wealth.
HIGH MOUNTAINS
Mongolia is a mountainous country. Mountains occupy more than 40% of it total area, highlands (over 3000 m) - about 2.5%. The highest of the mountain ranges of Mongolia is the Mongolian Altai with mountain peaks up to 3000–4000 m high, stretching in the west and southwest of the country for a distance of 900 km. Its continuation are lower ridges that do not form a single massif, collectively called the Gobi Altai. Highest point– Kuiten-Uul (Nairamdal) peak, 4370 m high, is located in the Mongolian Altai at the westernmost tip of Mongolia near the border with Russia.
Along the border with Siberia in the north-west of Mongolia there are several ranges that do not form a single massif: Khan Huhei, Ulan Taiga, Eastern Sayan, in the north-east - mountain range Khentei (2800 m).
In the center of the country are the Khangai Mountains, about 700 km long and 2000–3000 m high (the largest is 3905 m, Otkhon Tengri), which are divided into several independent ranges.
Highest mountains of Mongolia
IN mountainous areas vertical zonation of the soil appears. With increasing altitude, chestnut soils are replaced by chernozem-like and in some places chernozem-like, then mountain-meadow and partially peaty. The southern slopes of the mountains, as a rule, are sandy and rocky, while the northern slopes have denser soil and are clayey. The steppes are dominated by loam and sandy loam, the colors of ripe chestnut and light chestnut.
TAIGA
The taiga zone, which covers only 5 percent of Mongolia's territory, is located primarily in northern Mongolia, in the Khentii Mountains, in the mountainous landscape around Lake Khuvsgul, the rear mountain range Tarvagatai, in the upper reaches of the Orkhon River and some parts of the Khan Khentii mountain range. The taiga zone receives more rainfall than other zones of Mongolia (12 - 16 inches annually).
The northern mountain taiga zone is replete with forest; forests cover the northern slopes of the mountains and consist of Siberian larch, cedar, pine, birch and aspen. The inhabitants of this zone are the same as in the Siberian taiga - deer, elk, wild boars, lynxes, bears, sables, wolverines and other animals. Reindeer are also found here.
FOREST-STEPPE
The mountain steppes of the middle steppe zone lie between the Khentei, Khangai and Mongolian Altai ridges. There are gazelle antelopes, wolves and foxes, and in the alpine zone there are rare cat predators, such as snow leopard - irbis, lynx, tiger, which hunt wild goats and wild argali sheep.
In the forest-steppe and steppe zones, various chestnut soils are most widespread, accounting for almost 60% of all soils in the country.
STEPPE ZONE
In the mountains, the Mongolian steppes rise to a height of 1500 m or more, and with increasing moisture in the mountains, the proportion of forbs in the vegetation cover increases. On the northern slopes of the mountains of Mongolia (precipitation of 500 mm or more) predominantly coniferous forests of Siberian larch, cedar, and pine grow.
Unlike the European steppes, the zonal soil type of the Mongolian steppes is not chernozems, but leached chestnut soils. They are formed on sandy and gravelly parent rocks and are not solonetzic. There are chestnut, dark chestnut and light chestnut soils. The intensity of their color depends on the specific gravity of humus. In the upper layer, dark chestnut soils have from 4% to 6% humus, light chestnut soils from 2% to 4%. The life forms of steppe plants are determined by summer precipitation and sharp temperature fluctuations throughout the year and during the day. Among the steppes, various types are distinguished depending on the predominance of certain plant groups. The Mongolian steppes are poorer than the steppes of Russia and Kazakhstan. The grass is lower in them, and there is almost no continuous cover. The dominant formations are tyrs, serpentine, serpentine-tyrs and others. Among the shrubs, there are especially many small-leaved caragana (Caragana microphylla), and subshrubs of wormwood (Artemisia frlgida). As we approach semi-deserts, the role of low-growing feather grasses and onions increases.
SEMI-DESERT
Semi-deserts occupy more than 20 percent of Mongolia's territory, stretching across the country between desert and steppe zones. This zone includes the Great Lakes Depression, the Valley of the Lakes, and most of the area between the Khangai and Altai mountain ranges, as well as eastern region Gobi. The zone includes many low-lying areas, soils with salt lakes and small ponds. The climate is arid (frequent droughts and annual precipitation of 4-5 inches (100-125 mm). Frequent strong winds and sandstorms greatly affect the area's vegetation). However, many nomadic herders of Mongolia occupy this zone.