Big Obukhovsky. Panorama of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge. Virtual tour of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge. Attractions, map, photos, videos. How long will the bridge last?

Bridge in St. Petersburg, the only non-movable and largest bridge across the Neva River. The cable-stayed suspension bridge was built in 2001-2007, becoming part of the Circle highway, encircling the city. For the first time in history, the name of this bridge was determined as a result of a rating vote among St. Petersburg residents and residents Leningrad region.

The role of the main supporting structure of the bridge is performed by steel cables (stay cables), and the main span, 382 m long, almost completely covers the bed of the Neva. The supporting 126-meter pylons, located along the banks of the river, are among the tallest city structures in St. Petersburg - they are taller than the spire Peter and Paul Fortress. And in fact, the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge consists of two separate bridges along which traffic flows in different directions.

The competition for the name of the bridge included “Olga Berggolts Bridge”, “Izhorsky”, “Nevsky”, “Nevsky Cable-stayed”, “Leningradsky” and some others. As a result, the bridge was named after nearby Obukhov, but with the amendment that there was already a simple Obukhov Bridge in St. Petersburg. The name “Cable-stayed bridge” is also used quite often.

The Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge does not open, but thanks to the under-bridge height of 30 meters, it allows large ships to pass freely under it. True, along the rest of the Neva there is an under-bridge clearance of 40 meters, which corresponds to the extended position of the Volodarsky, Kuzminsky and Ladozhsky bridges.

During the construction of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge, the first and only museum of one construction site was opened at the construction site - the “Museum of the Cable-stayed Bridge”. Now it has been moved to the territory of the St. Petersburg branch of OJSC Mostootryad No. 19 in Krasnoe Selo.

For the uninterrupted operation of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge, a whole network of artificial auxiliary structures was created on total area 136 thousand sq. m.

The length of the bridge is 2824 m, width - 30 m. The Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge is the longest bridge in St. Petersburg and one of the longest long bridges in Russia.

Note to tourists:

A visit to the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge will be interesting for tourists interested in the architecture of the early 21st century, and can also become one of the points excursion program while exploring neighboring attractions - Spartak Garden, Utkina Zavod pier, Obukhovsky Stadium, Oktyabrskaya Embankment.

One of oldest bridges St. Petersburg - Obukhovsky Bridge over the Fontanka River along Moskovsky Prospekt (Saarskaya Perspektiva, formerly Tsarskoselsky Prospekt). From the name of this bridge comes the name Obukhovsky Prospekt, which in the 19th century was part of Sennaya Square. It is interesting that F.M. lived in a hotel located next to the Obukhovsky Bridge in 1837. Dostoevsky, who came to enroll in engineering school.

Almost until the middle of the 18th century, this bridge did not have official name. The name “Obukhovsky” or “Obukhov” arose among the townspeople by the name of the man who built it - Obukhov. The commission in charge of buildings in St. Petersburg officially began calling the bridge “Obukhovsky” in documents in 1738. However, it didn’t really catch on, and to this day, St. Petersburg residents call the Obukhov Bridge in memory of the construction contractor.

On the site of modern Moskovsky Prospekt, the first wooden bridge was thrown across the Fontanka in 1717. A full-width hole (about 70 cm) was provided across the bridge specifically for the masts of ships passing along the river. During the day it was covered with boards. The crossing was rebuilt in 1738. In 1785, a stone bridge was erected here to replace the one that had fallen into disrepair. It was built according to one of seven standard designs for 3-span bridges across the Fontanka.

There are a few official sources, which indicate as the architect of the Obukhovsky Bridge an engineer from France J-R. Perrone. True, there is no documentary evidence of this.

The stone bridge was of three spans with side arches and a draw span. Above the bridge supports in the river stood open granite towers decorated with domes. They contained the mechanical components of the draw span.

In 1865, the wooden drawbridge was replaced with a brick vault, and the granite towers were dismantled. The reconstruction project was developed by engineer Mikhailov. The design remained almost the same - the bridge had three spans. The stone vaults above the spans reached a height of 9 to 14 meters. The ceiling of the side spans was granite in the form of box-shaped vaults with a height of 2.30 m. The thickness of the vaults was 85 cm, at the heels it varied from 95 to 120 centimeters. The middle span was built of brick and faced with granite. The lifting boom of the middle span was 1.52 m. The coastal and river supports and abutments were stone with granite facing. The railings were metal in the form of rods, the peculiar decoration of which were rings at the top and bottom. The longitudinal axis of the Obukhovsky Bridge relative to the faces of the supports was 67°.

In the 20th century, towards the end of the 30s, the bridge needed to be reconstructed, since due to its width there were problems with traffic along International Avenue. The width of the bridge was just over 16 meters, and the width of the avenue was more than 30. In addition, subsidence began in the brickwork of the central span. Cracks in the seams reached 25 mm.

The authors of the project for the new Obukhovsky Bridge were employees of the bridge maintenance office, engineers L.A. Noskov and V.V. Demchenko, who began work in 1937. Work continued for 2 years, and in 1939 the bridge was opened.

After reconstruction, the Obukhovsky Bridge remained a 3-span bridge. Double-hinged parabolic vaults are solid. The exterior decoration is made of granite. The longitudinal axis of the bridge in relation to the faces of the supports is rotated by 60°. The width of the Obukhovsky Bridge between the railings is 30.88 m, the size of the roadway is 24.6 m, the sidewalk is 3 m. River abutments and bank abutments made of reinforced concrete are installed on wooden piles (there are 1600 of them, each 11 meters long). The sidewalks are covered with granite, the roadway is covered with asphalt concrete. The Leningrad gas pipeline line once ran under the sidewalk.

In 1950 it exploded and part of the granite slabs were destroyed. After this incident, gas pipelines were blocked on all bridges in the city. The railings are solid parapets made of granite. On the abutments there are obelisks made of granite, on which glass lanterns are installed.

Obukhovsky Bridge in St. Petersburg is included in the list cultural heritage RF.

One of the amazing cities famous for its majestic bridges is St. Petersburg. There are more than 800 bridges here, which have their own special design and materials used for their manufacture. They were built in different eras.

One of amazing structures is the first cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg - the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge. It is a suspension bridge, which consists of a number of pylons connected to the road surface by steel cables. It is the first non-movable bridge across the Neva River, along which you can always get to the opposite bank if all other bridges are raised.

The cable-stayed one is one of the parts of the ring road. It is located in the middle reaches of the Neva, on the border of the Vsevolozhsky district and Nevsky. With its help, Obukhovskaya Side Avenue and Oktyabrskaya Embankment are connected. For a long time they could not decide on the name of the bridge. The final decision was to name it after the surrounding area, but since a bridge with the same name already exists in St. Petersburg, the prefix “Bolshoi” had to be added to the new bridge.

Its construction began in 2001. Monolithic ones were installed on piles with a diameter of up to 1.7 meters. The width of each span, made of two longitudinal beams, is 25 meters and the height is 2.5 meters. The length of the bridge, including the exits to the highway, reaches 2884 meters, and the spans over the water have a height of up to 30 meters, which ensures free passage for all vessels. As for the height of the spaced pylons that make up the cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg, it is 123 meters. The roadway of the structure is made in the form of an orthotropic slab, which consists of two steel sheets reinforced with longitudinal stringers (ribs).

The bridge is one of the longest in Russia. If you look at the bridge from above, you can see two identical bridges located next to each other and having opposite movement. Despite the fact that, according to the plan, the completion of the first half was to occur at the end of 2003, the grand opening of the first part of the bridge took place on December 15, 2004. After three years, on October 19, 2007, the second part of the cable-stayed bridge was no less solemnly opened.

Thus, the cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg has eight lanes, four lanes on each part. The estimated traffic here is now 80,000 vehicles per day.

All cable-stayed bridges have one advantage - the immobility of the bridge. Around the world, these bridges are also used as railway bridges. Similar bridges have been built around the world since 1950. Today, cable-stayed is not just a convenient functional transport facility. It also serves as a decoration of the city, which is admired not only local residents, but also guests of the northern capital.

During the construction of the bridge, before the opening of the first line, the Cable-stayed Bridge Museum was organized. This is a unique museum of its kind, being the first and only museum in all of St. Petersburg dedicated to a specific construction project. Here you can get acquainted with the history of construction, details, designs and plans for the future, prospects for quantum bridges.

The Obukhovsky Bridge, spanning the Fontanka River along the axis of Moskovsky Prospekt, connects Spassky and Bezymyanny Islands. It's a three-span stone structure 68.8 meters long and 31.8 meters wide. The bridge is oblique in plan, the angle of the oblique is 60°.

The span structure consists of reinforced concrete double-hinged arches, lined with granite. The design is reinforced concrete continuous vaults. The abutments and supports are massive, on a pile foundation, lined with granite. On the facades of the bridge there are pronounced outlines of arches and ice cutters profiled in the form of triangular prisms.

The railing is made in the form of a solid granite parapet. Granite obelisks rise at the entrances; each obelisk has 2 round lanterns. The sidewalks are separated from the roadway by a raised granite parapet-type fence.

History of the bridge

Obukhovsky Bridge is one of the oldest bridges in St. Petersburg. Built across the Fontanka River along the Saar prospect (later Tsarskoselsky Prospekt, now Moskovsky).

The first wooden bridge across the Fontanka River at the site of modern Moskovsky Prospekt was built in 1717. In the middle the bridge had a transverse slot 70 cm wide, intended for the passage of mast ships; During the day this gap was filled with boards. In 1738 the crossing was rebuilt.

Until 1738, the bridge did not have an official name. The popular name - Obukhov or Obukhovsky - was assigned to it by the name of the “townsman” Obukhov who built it. In 1738, the Commission on St. Petersburg Buildings established the name “Saar Bridge” for the bridge. It did not take root, and the bridge still retains the memory of the contractor in its name construction work- Obukhov.

During the construction of the granite walls of the Fontanka embankments in 1785-1786, the wooden bridge was rebuilt into a three-span stone bridge similar to the Lomonosov and Staro-Kalinkin tower bridges. The bank spans were covered with stone vaults, and the middle span was movable with a wooden span and towers on river supports to accommodate the lifting mechanisms.

In 1865, the bridge was rebuilt according to the design of engineer Mikhailov. The wooden swing span structure was replaced with a brick vault, and the bridge towers were dismantled. According to the static design, the bridge is turned into a three-span hingeless arch.

By the mid-1930s, the bridge could no longer cope with the increased traffic flow along International Avenue (as Moskovsky Avenue was called in 1918-1950): the width of the bridge was about 16 meters, and the width of the avenue was 30.6 meters. In addition, subsidence was detected in the brick vaults of the central span with joint openings of up to 25 mm. In 1939, according to the design of engineer V.V. Demchenko and architect L.A. The Noskov Bridge was rebuilt into a three-span reinforced concrete one.

On September 7, 1950, a gas pipeline laid with poor-quality welds caused a gas leak; an explosive mixture formed in the sidewalk on the upper side, which exploded from an accidental spark, damaging the reinforced concrete paving slabs. After this incident, a decision was made to plug gas pipelines on other bridges in the city - Novo-Peterhofsky, Komsomolsky and others.

In 1962, tram rails were removed on Moskovsky Prospekt in the section from Mira Square to the Obvodny Canal.

In 1968, the balls crowning the obelisk floor lamps were re-covered with gold leaf.

In 1989, the sidewalks were separated from the roadway by a granite parapet.

In 2014, the artistic and architectural lighting of the Obukhov Bridge was reconstructed.

Additional Information

The bridge is one of the Russian cultural heritage sites of regional significance.

The Obukhov Bridge gave its name to the Obukhov Bridge Square on the right bank of the Fontanka River. Petersburg is located here State University communication routes of Emperor Alexander I. Opposite the entrance to the university there is a monument to the founder of this educational institution, an outstanding Russian statesman, scientist, engineer and architect of Spanish origin - Augustin de Betancourt.

Photo: raskalov-vit.livejournal.com

Topics of the day

The Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge, often called simply the cable-stayed bridge, is a kind of record-breaking bridge. This is one of the longest bridges not only in St. Petersburg, but throughout Russia, and the only non-movable bridge across the Neva. The cost of its construction, together with two road junctions along the banks of the river, amounted to 13 billion rubles.

After its opening, the St. Petersburg bridge remained the longest in the country for several years. Only in 2012 Far East it was surpassed by the Russian Bridge, which connected mainland with the island of the same name - the main span of this bridge turned out to be three times longer than that of Bolshoy Obukhovsky. By the way, it was designed and built by the same specialists - Stroyproekt Institute JSC.

The experience of constructing the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge was also used in the further construction of the Zhivopisny Bridge in Moscow and the Millennium Bridge in Kazan (2007), the Muromsky Bridge (2009), the Golden Bridge in Vladivostok across the Zolotoy Rog Bay (2012) and the Kirovsky Bridge in Samara (2014).

Statistics:

The total length of the bridge (including road ramps) is 2824 m.

The length of the cable-stayed part of the bridge is 994 meters.

The length of the riverbed part of the bridge (span over water) is 382 m.

The height of the bridge span above the water surface is 30 m.

The height of the pylons is 126.5 m.

The maximum recorded load (bridge capacity) is 230 thousand cars per day.

The general designer of the bridge crossing is JSC Stroyproekt Institute.

The designer of the cable-stayed part is JSC Giprostroymost Institute - St. Petersburg.

The general contractor is JSC Mostootryad No. 19.

The following organizations took part in the construction of the bridge: Mostootryad No. 10, Mostootryad No. 18, Mostootryad No. 90, MTF Mostootryad No. 114, Mostootryad No. 125, which are part of Mostotrest, and other organizations.

Why cable-stayed?

The decision to build a cable-stayed bridge in St. Petersburg was not made immediately. The developers claim that they considered several design options. The following factors played in favor of the cable-stayed one. Firstly, it turned out to be slightly cheaper than the others in terms of construction and further operation costs. Secondly, there were no such bridges in our country yet, although the need for them was already visible. And, of course, the architectural component was of great importance for St. Petersburg, that is appearance bridge. The pylons and cables, taking into account the lighting, fit well into the overall landscape of the southern part of the city, where the entrance from Moscow is located.

photo: ceremonial.rf

Location

Since the bridge was supposed to be part of the ring road, it was its location that the designers of the Ring Road determined first of all, and then they “failed” the highway. We chose from three sites: the existing one (in the area of Obukhovskaya Oborona Avenue and Oktyabrskaya Embankment), a site in the area of the Murzinka River, and also at a bend called “Crooked Knee”.

When choosing the location of the bridge, many factors were taken into account, including the geology of the soil, the width of the river, and the number of buildings that had to be demolished. Particular attention was paid to the so-called wind rose, that is, the prevailing wind directions in a given area. In order to understand exactly how the bridge should be placed so that it would be resistant to air currents, the designers assembled a mock-up of the structure and “blowed it through” for a long time (tested it on special aerodynamic installations that made it possible to simulate real weather conditions). By the way, observations of the behavior of the bridge depending on weather conditions are still ongoing, thanks to a special monitoring system in the crossing structures. It was initially used to detect vibrations during construction, and then continued to monitor the condition of the structure as a whole.

Read also: 5 facts about St. Petersburg bridges

True, one of the main factors that ultimately, behind the scenes, determined the location of the bridge’s construction was the persistent desire of the then governor Vladimir Yakovlev to locate the Ring Road as close as possible to the city, where there was no alternative to such a road, and the problem of traffic jams was becoming more and more noticeable. As a result, the Ring Road, and consequently the bridge, were as close as possible to St. Petersburg. Initially, the eastern part of the road was supposed to pass in the Vsevolozhsk area (now in the area of the Rzhevsky Forest Park), and the southern part - in the Crooked Knee area (now in the area of Obukhovskaya Oborona Avenue and Oktyabrskaya Embankment).

⇒ For the first time in the history of the city, when choosing a name for the bridge, a vote was held among St. Petersburg residents and residents of the Leningrad region. In addition to the real name, such names were proposed as, for example, “Olga Berggolts Bridge”, “Izhora”, “Nevsky”, “Leningradsky” and others. The bridge is named after nearby Obukhov, taking into account the fact that there is already an Obukhovsky Bridge in St. Petersburg. The established name “Cable-stayed bridge” is also used. True, the city toponymic commission has no plans to ever rename the bridge to Vantovy or to make this name option equal to Bolshoi Obukhovsky.

Design and construction

The design of cable-stayed bridges itself has been known to engineers for a long time. Before starting work, the designers of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge analyzed similar structures around the world. the main problem The problem was that no one in the country had experience in building them. And the bridges already existing in this latitude in the space of the former USSR (Oktyabrsky in Cherepovets and Vantovyi in Riga), the St. Petersburg crossing should have been significantly superior in height and length. However, in the end, this only benefited the bridge. Due to the lack of experience, the builders approached the project carefully and responsibly, preferring to measure seven times, and only then cut A t.

2004

Construction of the bridge began in 2001. At the same time, in order to speed up the process, in the first year, officials allowed it to be built without design documentation - only according to the working documentation. That is, the designers drew drawings, and the builders immediately began working on them. The structure was built and put into operation in stages. In 2004, its first half was opened (this is possible, since the bridge as a whole consists of two parallel bridges), which allowed the movement of cars to begin, and in 2007, the second half.

Of course, it wasn't without problems. First of all, they were associated with unusually complex road junctions with Oktyabrskaya Embankment and Obukhovskaya Oborony Avenue. And if the first one stretched over several hundred square meters on the still fairly free right bank of the Neva, then the second one had to be built on a small piece of land between residential buildings. In addition, this section was “cut” by a tram line and railway tracks, as well as great amount underground communications, including unaccounted for ones - with unknown owners or belonging to the Obukhov Defense and Almaz-Antey plants, which were once secret. As a result, a number of changes to the project had to be made on the fly.

Bridge load test, 2007

photo: State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate for the construction of a transport bypass of the city”

But one of the biggest difficulties for the builders was the need to build a bridge on both sides of the river at the same time, that is, moving towards each other. And if the coastal parts of the bridge rested on the partitions of the already erected pylons, then the span over the water had to be somehow supported all the time so that it did not sag. Therefore, when the next building block was brought by water, it was lifted, screwed to the span, and one end of the cable was immediately welded to it. Then the cables were pulled, the other end was “thrown” over the pylon and secured “to the ground.”

Builders call the moment of connecting the bridge “a separate epic,” since immediately before welding both parts had to be leveled again and pulled out with cables, while the wind caused the spans to shake. When the bridge was finally connected, a real celebration was held right on it with fireworks, like at the bow of Turksib at Ilf and Petrov.

⇒ In 2003, the Cable-stayed Bridge Museum was opened right on the construction site - the only museum of one construction site in St. Petersburg. Upon completion of the work, the exhibition was moved to Krasnoe Selo - to the Museum of Bridges of the company "Mostootryad No. 19", which took part in the construction. In addition to the cable-stayed bridge, the museum at that time already displayed hundreds of various miniature models of St. Petersburg bridges with more than 200 years of history.

The idea of creating such a museum has been floating around since the late 80s of the last century, when the Ministry of Railways and Transport Construction of the USSR began to think about what to do with the models of bridges left after their construction. The opening of the museum on the territory of JSC Mostootryad No. 19 took place in 1992. Unfortunately, the company is now going through bankruptcy proceedings. AND further fate this unique museum seems very vague.

How long will the bridge last?

The service life of all roads, including the Ring Road, is about 15-20 years before major repairs. It is expected that in 20 years the traffic intensity will reach such a level that a major reconstruction of the entire ring road will be required. Accordingly, the bridge should last about the same.

“As for the reliability of the structure as a whole,” note the State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate for the Construction of the City Transport Bypass,” “it can stand for a hundred years. If you keep an eye on the bridge, nothing will happen to it during this time.”

A stamp issued for the opening of the bridge.

photo: citywalls.ru

The shrouds are the most important part

One of the main conditions for the reliability of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge is its cable stays. They must be very durable and not stretch marks over time. Guys are thick cables woven from strands - thinner cables made of high-strength steel. The strand itself consists of six wires twisted around the seventh, central one. Each guy has a different number of strands. More vertical shrouds have less load, so they are thinner. Those that go at an angle towards the middle of the span are much thicker.

All materials for the bridge were purchased from Russian manufacturers, but the cable stays still had to be imported from abroad - our metal is much worse than what is made abroad. At least in those days this was still the case: in Russia they produced more cast iron - ferrous metal for fittings, not suitable for cable stays, explains the directorate for the construction of the transport bypass. Therefore, they were ordered from Austria, and the installation was supervised by a French company.

photo: State Unitary Enterprise “Directorate for the construction of a transport bypass of the city”

The builders of the St. Petersburg crossing are refuting the well-known rumor that if one cable stay on such a bridge breaks, then others will break after it, and the structure will simply collapse. “Perhaps everything happens differently for each bridge. But on ours, the failure of three cable stays in a row will not lead to its collapse. Yes, somewhere it will probably bend or sag, however, it will not reach a critical state,” explain the management staff.

In addition, they assure that it is generally difficult to imagine the situation of a sudden break of a cable stay on the St. Petersburg bridge: “We monitor the cable stays online. The scale reflecting their condition is divided into three zones - green, yellow and red. If the indicator is in the green zone, it means that everything is in order with the cable, in the yellow - its condition is cause for concern, in the red - the load on the cable is close to the maximum. And a separate specialist monitors these indicators around the clock.”

Big Obukhovsky - one of a kind

The St. Petersburg bridge has its own characteristics, characteristic only of this particular structure.

When the bridge project just started to be drawn, it turned out that it would have quite high pylons - much higher than 100 meters. Then the builders, filled with a sense of responsibility and sometimes even fear (since such a bridge was being built in the region for the first time), decided to see what they could be compared with. And they realized that the pylons of the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge would be higher than any city building. The builders thought about it and decided that, just in case, it was not worth “climbing” higher than the spire of the Peter and Paul Cathedral. So the bridge became not the first, but the third tallest structure in the city after the Peter and Paul Cathedral and the television tower on Chapygina.

Read also: Big and small records of St. Petersburg

At the same time, the Bolshoi Obukhovsky Bridge was one of the forty largest cable-stayed bridges in the world in terms of span length over water and one of the hundred largest cable-stayed bridges in the world in terms of overall structural dimensions.

Another interesting bridge record is the tallest New Year's tree in St. Petersburg. Yes, yes, in 2006, a New Year tree was installed on the newly built left bank pylon of the second stage of the Bolshoy Obukhovsky Bridge, which became the tallest in the city.