Motor ship John of Kronstadt. Cruises to Solovki are being revived in Arkhangelsk. Arctic voyage of S. O. Makarov on the “John of Kronstadt”
“John of Kronstadt” - screw steamer (owner - A. Nemchinov); since 1907 "North" (owners - M. S. Mendelevich and S. M. Chepkasov); since 1912 “Polar” (owner - P. Kushnarev); nationalized since 1922; since 1931
Kalvits - named after one of the first polar pilots O. A. Kalvits, who crashed on the banks of the Lena. It went down in history thanks to the fact that in 1897 Admiral S. O. Makarov made his first Arctic voyage on it.
In January 1896, having returned from the Far East, Rear Admiral S. O. Makarov was appointed senior flagship of the Practical Squadron of the Baltic Sea. He kept the commander’s flag on the battleship “Peter the Great”, where he gathered long-time like-minded people at his headquarters. His main support was Captain 2nd Rank M. P. Vasiliev and Lieutenant K. F. Shultz.
It was at this time, having never before thought about sailing in the northern latitudes, S. O. Makarov and his friends began to discuss the idea of an Arctic expedition.
Knowing full well that for a long time a considerable number of sailors, at the risk of their lives, tried to conquer the Northern Arctic Ocean, S. O. Makarov looked at this issue in a new way.
He immediately started talking about the fact that full exploration of the Arctic is achievable only with the use of a new type of vessel - icebreakers.
Perhaps he remembered the events of 1894, when he first observed the work of powerful icebreakers on the American Great Lakes. Makarov saw his role not just in organizing the next polar expedition, but in exploring the possibility of escorting ships from the European part of the country to the mouth of the Ob and Yenisei, and possibly even further - to Far East. This path would be the shortest and at the same time independent from other states. Essentially, this was the first time the idea of building the Northern Sea Route was expressed.
Already in 1897, Makarov made three presentations on plans to explore the Arctic using icebreakers. Perhaps the most striking lecture was the one he gave on March 30, 1897.
The Grand Dukes Konstantin Konstantinovich and Alexander Mikhailovich, Dukes George Georgievich and Mikhail Georgievich of Mecklenburg, the Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, and many eminent members of the State Council honored her with a visit. It was on that day that the admiral managed to destroy the persistent opinion that the Arctic Ocean would never be accessible for systematic navigation. He showed clearly that heavy arctic ice can be conquered by powerful icebreakers.
Makarov called this lecture “Towards the North Pole - all the way”. A deep analysis of world practice and rigorous mathematical calculations allowed him to justify the need to build two icebreakers at once with a displacement of six thousand tons each. According to the admiral, this would make it possible to implement (cit.):
"1. A scientific study of the entire Arctic Ocean, in which a huge area, two thousand miles long and one and a half thousand wide, has never been visited by a single traveler.
2. Opening of proper cargo steamship connections with the Ob and Yenisei in the summer.
3. Opening of proper cargo steamship communication with St. Petersburg in winter.”
From that moment on, events began to develop rapidly. Already at the beginning of June, with a program for the development of the Arctic Ocean, he met with the Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte.
The extremely cautious Witte did not express his unambiguous opinion, but, as Makarov wrote, he came to the conclusion that “before doing anything, it would be useful for me to visit the Kara Sea and get acquainted with the state of the route to the Ob and Yenisei.”
Makarov agreed with this idea and began to act immediately. The Naval Ministry was unable to provide the admiral with a ship for this purpose, and he decided to make his first polar expedition on one of the merchant ships, which every summer, with the risk of being covered in ice, carried cargo to the mouth of the Yenisei.
Arctic voyage of S. O. Makarov on the “John of Kronstadt”
Already on June 29, Makarov left alone for Stockholm, and from there to the Norwegian port of Hammerfest, where such caravans usually gathered. Among others, there was a small steamer “John of Kronstadt”. It was only recently built in England and belonged to the merchant A. Nemchinov, who intended to transport his ship to Baikal by the northern route, passing the Yenisei and Angara.
Nemchinov invited Makarov to use his ship in order to reach the Yenisei and, of course, received immediate and grateful consent. There is a version that Nemchinov’s steamship was originally called differently, and it became “John of Kronstadt” at Makarov’s request.
First, from Hammerfest, “John of Kronstadt” had to go to the port of Vardø, where a caravan of ships was formed, some heading to the Barents Sea, and some further to the Kara Sea. S. O. Makarov persuaded Nemchinov to wait in Hammerfest for his assistant, Lieutenant Konstantin Schultz, and in the meantime, without wasting time, he sailed to Spitsbergen on the Danish steamer Lofoten.
On July 14, when Stepan Osipovich returned to Hammerfest, he was joined by Lieutenant K.F. Schultz, who had arrived from St. Petersburg. The next day, now together, they boarded the steamship John of Kronstadt and set off for Vardø.
We had to spend a few more days here, and the energetic S. O. Makarov immediately made acquaintance with Norwegian whalers, as well as some commanders of other Russian ships. Together with Schultz, while waiting for the caravan to sail, Makarov made several small trips to the nearest ports and took part in a whale hunt, which, to his satisfaction, ended without casualties.
Finally, on July 31, 1897, the caravan was assembled and the journey began. That year, sailing conditions in the Arctic seas were extremely favorable, the ice retreated far to the north, and the caravan reached the mouth of the Yenisei in a very short time without any hindrance. Nevertheless, the admiral managed to make a lot of important observations. Here's what he himself wrote about it:
“Nemchinov’s representative, Foma Robertovich Wardropper, on whose ship Lieutenant Shultz and I were traveling, did everything possible for our comfort and treated us purely in Siberian style.
He always found a pretext for having an extra snack and refreshment, but, most importantly, he made possible conveniences for hydrological observations. The flotilla moved at no more than six knots, and therefore, when it was necessary to make a station for deep-sea observations, the steamer “John of Kronstadt” ran ahead and stopped, and then, after completing the work, caught up with the rest of the ships at full speed.
In addition to observations at stations, we also made hourly observations. I alternated with Lieutenant Schultz. In the evening he began making observations, and at 4 o’clock in the morning he woke me up. During the day, one tireless Schultz watched. We observed both at the stations, and F. R. Wardropper helped us with this.”
Travelers were not very pleased with such favorable sailing conditions. They were going to fight the ice and gain experience of real Arctic expeditions. Just two weeks after the start of the journey, on August 13, “John of Kronstadt” entered the mouth of the Yenisei. Having passed Dudinka and reaching Yeniseisk, the travelers boarded the steamer “Lieutenant Malygin”. This was due to the fact that “John of Kronstadt” had to turn into the Angara, and the end point of S. O. Makarov’s route was Krasnoyarsk.
We arrived there on the new ship on August 28th. Thus, the entire journey from Vardø to Krasnoyarsk lasted a little less than a month. Taking this opportunity, from Krasnoyarsk Makarov and Schultz moved by train to Tomsk, from where they again reached Tyumen by steamship along the Ob and Irtysh via Tobolsk. Only here, having boarded the train, they moved to St. Petersburg. The expedition ended successfully on September 19, 1897.
Along the entire route along the Yenisei, Ob and Irtysh in cities and even relatively small populated areas S. O. Makarov invariably met with representatives of the local administration, merchants and industrialists.
The main goal of these meetings was the desire to find out to what extent Siberians need the creation of a reliable Northern Sea Route. He received support wherever he spoke on this topic.
Soon after S. O. Makarov returned to the capital, the government was literally inundated with petitions from Siberian merchants asking them to organize an icebreaking route from Europe to the Yenisei across the Arctic Ocean.
As a result, S. Yu. Witte himself became Makarov’s most ardent supporter. Later he even wrote:
“In 1897, namely at the end of this year, the icebreaker Ermak was ordered on my initiative.” On November 14, 1897, the minister reported to the Tsar about the allocation of three million rubles for the construction of a powerful icebreaker. Nicholas II immediately gave his consent. Makarov's plan was only half realized.
Instead of two icebreakers of the same type, it was decided to build only one. The first-born of Russia's ocean icebreaker fleet - "Ermak" - will be built next year, and a year later S. O. Makarov, M. P. Vasiliev and K. F. Shultz will make their main Arctic voyage on it.
The fate of the ship
Later the ship ended up on Lake Baikal, where it worked for ten years. In 1907, the widow of the merchant Nemchinov sold the ship to two Lena fish traders, who, riveted into two parts, transported it along the Malyshovsky tract to the Lena, where it sailed under the new name “North”.
Resold again in 1912, rebuilt and renamed “Polar”, the ship first served the Yakut millionaire P. Kushnarev, and in 1922 it entered the Red Army flotilla, as part of which it took part in the establishment of Soviet power in Yakutia.
In 1931, the ship was once again renamed in honor of the pilot O. A. Kalvits, who died in Yakutia while performing an important mission. The steamer sailed in the lower reaches of the Lena and in Tiksi Bay. It was decommissioned in 1948, having served for more than 50 years.
The Leushinsky metochion received as a gift an exact copy of the steamship of St. John of Kronstadt “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker”...
As previously reported, on September 14 in St. Petersburg at the Leushinsky Metochion a prayer service was served for the beginning of the church new year and the new information year. The service was performed by the rector of the metochion, Archpriest Gennady Belovolov. Employees of the Russian People's Line information and analytical service, led by editor-in-chief Anatoly Dmitrievich Stepanov, took part in the prayer service.
In an interview with our agency, Father Gennady spoke about one significant event that occurred immediately after the prayer service:
Which New Year there are no gifts?! This rule also applies to the Church New Year.
On this day, September 14, we received a special gift, not only a New Year’s gift, but also a church one. Our parishioner Tamara Filippovna Tyapkina brought an unusual gift to the temple - an exact copy of the steamship of St. John of Kronstadt “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker,” which was made by her relative, retired captain of the 1st rank, submariner Yuri Nikolaevich Ditsky.
What prompted the naval officer to serve the memory of John of Kronstadt? Yu.N. Ditsky is a hereditary naval officer, his uncle Admiral Ditsky fought on the seas during the Great Patriotic War. Yuri Nikolaevich connected his life with the navy from childhood, graduated from the Nakhimov Naval School in 1972, served in Kamchatka, on the White Sea, which was especially interesting, and he also visited Kronstadt.
It so happened that his aunt Tamara Filippovna is a member of the sisterhood at the Leushinsky metochion and serves in the Memorial Apartment of St. John of Kronstadt. After retiring, Yuri Nikolaevich came to Kronstadt to the Memorial Apartment several times. He was deeply touched by the stories about the righteous shepherd. Inspired by the example of the modern “Tula left-hander” Lev Bondarev, who made models of St. Andrew’s Cathedral and the Apartment of John of Kronstadt, Ditsky also decided to bring his gift to Dear Father.
The steamship “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker” can be called legendary, since Father John of Kronstadt traveled to his homeland on it in the last 10 years of his life. This ship was built specifically for the Kronstadt shepherd. From Kronstadt to Sura he had to cover more than one and a half thousand miles: along the Neva, Ladoga, Svir, Mariinskaya water system, along the Sukhona, Dvina to Arkhangelsk, and then along Pinega to Sura. The trip presented many difficulties. Narrow canals, rapids rivers, passage along Lake Kubenskoye, which was famous for its stormy winds - all this required both pilotage and the fearlessness of passengers. Navigation along shallow northern rivers was particularly difficult, in particular along the Pinega due to large quantities sandbanks(“sastrugi”) and shallowing of the river during the hot months of summer. When going to Sura, Father John usually waited for the time of maximum water rise, but he often had to change horses during the trip.
It is known about this ship that it was built in 1898 at the expense of Father John himself in St. Petersburg at the shipyards of Goloday Island by engineers E.G. Gulyaev and V.I. Afanasyev. The 25-horsepower steamship was of the wheeled type and had a shallow draft designed for sailing in shallow water. The newspaper "Kotlin" reported that the steamship "St. Nicholas the Wonderworker" has excellent qualities: it is stable, its speed is quite fast; in oncoming rapids, against a strong current, he rose on his own, without tugs” (“Kotlin”, 1898, July 1, no. 142). Its length reached 30.6 m with a width of 4.5. The ship was personally consecrated in the same year by Father John, who gave it such a high name - “St. Nicholas,” thereby marking the end point of its route: main temple in the homeland of Father John, it was dedicated to St. Nicholas.
But this ship was even more consecrated by the trips of Father John themselves. Entries have been preserved in the diary of John of Kronstadt that he prayed for the help of St. Nicholas in order to safely reach the village of Sura. This ship is depicted in many photographs, including with Father John on board. The steamer is also sung in Russian spiritual poetry. It was described by Abbess Taisiya in her poem “Sura Monastery,” dedicated to the founding of a monastery by Father John in his homeland. The poem begins directly with a description of the ship:
“Pinega’s native Pinega quietly splashes on the mirror swell
"Nicholas the Saint" is a nice, small ship.
He is in a hurry, he accelerates his usual smooth pace,
Or catching up with someone on the waves of Pinega waters.
And on the ladder it’s lonely, with my arms crossed over my chest,
The deeply concentrated priest stands in the shadows.”
This priest is Father John of Kronstadt.
Soon after the ship launched, it was donated by Father John to the Sura Monastery. According to the source, the Sursky Monastery became the only one in Russia that owned such a large steamship. In the monastery, the steamer performed various functions, but the main one was the delivery of Dear Father to his homeland. The servants on the ship, in addition to the sailors, included three monastery novices.
Since nothing was done on this ship without the blessing of John of Kronstadt, the All-Russian Shepherd can well be called the spiritual captain of the ship. I think that for Father John this ship was in some sense an image of the Church. Our Lord Jesus Christ also sailed on a ship through the waters of Lake Tiberias more than once. On the ship, the Lord performed prayer, miracles, and showed signs. This ship of Jesus Christ, in a sense, became the image of the Church making its saving voyage in the waves of the stormy sea of life. It is interesting to note that originally the symbolism Christian temple used the image of a ship. This is what the central part of the temple was called, and the side sections were called naves, from the word “navis” - navigation. In ancient texts there are direct instructions to build temples “like a ship.” Of course, here we also see an allusion to Noah's Ark.
For Father John of Kronstadt, these voyages were not just visits to his native places, but they were, in fact, missionary trips around Russia, which became socially significant events on an all-Russian scale. He stopped at almost every day different cities and weighings and performed liturgies, preached, through his prayers miracles and healings were performed. Many accompanying people traveled with Father John: monks, priests, writers, artists. One of these trips was described in 1903 by the artist Sergei Zhivotovsky, who later published an entire album with drawings and photographs.
What is it further fate this ship? Before the revolution, the ship was protected as a shrine, although it faithfully continued to serve the monastery and was busy transporting various materials, bringing significant income to the monastery. However, in the revolutionary year of 1917, the ship could not be saved: during a strong storm on the Opera (now Red) pier in Arkhangelsk, it sank, most likely due to violations of parking rules caused by the general revolutionary chaos. This happened on September 16, 1917. It turns out that a copy of the steamship was made and brought to the Leushinsky courtyard just in time for the 95th anniversary of the death of the legendary ship John of Kronstadt.
We have long had a desire to present him in some form in the memorial apartment, so that the priest’s admirers could at least mentally imagine these trips of Father John. This work was undertaken by the master ascetic, who thoroughly studied all the photographs of the ship from different points and angles. The drawings have not survived, so painstaking work was required to recreate and reconstruct it. He began work on the model of the steamship last year, and only finished it this year.
When this model of the ship “floated” to our church on the Church New Year, there was a feeling that John of Kronstadt himself visited and blessed us. Then the idea arose to deliver this ship to Kronstadt not by the usual land route through the dam, but to bring it by water. We plan to conduct this “water pilgrimage” to Kronstadt with the ship of John of Kronstadt on September 30, on the feast of the saints Faith, Hope, Love and their mother Sophia.
Thus, we want to repeat the path of John of Kronstadt, who usually traveled to St. Petersburg by water either to Oranienbaum or directly to the banks of the Neva in the city. Currently, pilgrimage trips to Kronstadt are made, as a rule, by land, but the model of Father John’s steamship suggested the idea of reviving the route that Father John himself used from St. Petersburg to Kronstadt. We invite you to join the pilgrimage (contact the Leushinsky courtyard).
In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about the art of making models. What makes people devote a lot of effort and time to an object from which there can be no external utilitarian practical benefit? In my deep conviction, this is the feeling that the poet called “love for the native ashes.” Reconstructions, copies, models, which have become increasingly widespread lately, are, first of all, an expression of love for one’s history.
How can you express love for John of Kronstadt? Of course, through prayers to him, reading his works. But love also seeks material expression, so there is a desire to visit places associated with the great ascetic, a desire to preserve them and revive them, to see everything that was dear to Father John. This, by the way, is what inspired me and my assistants to revive and restore the Memorial Apartment of St. John of Kronstadt.
We already have two models in the museum - this is St. Andrew's Cathedral and the Memorial Apartment itself, which were made by Lev Bondarev from Tula. He simply read the life of John of Kronstadt, learned how he loved the people and Russia, and this evoked a response. I think that the created model of the steamship also became an expression of the feeling of love for Father John. Even a hundred years after his death, Father John infects with his love for Russia, for the Russian people, for Orthodoxy and for himself as a shepherd. The model was made very carefully, all the small details, masts, sails were reproduced, it seems that you put it on the water and it will float.
Such works bring the past closer to us, making it visible and tangible. This is our declaration of love for our great Russian history. I would like to thank all the people who so painstakingly recreate the images of our past, returning our history to us. Thank God that this movement is becoming quite widespread. I saw this on the Borodino field, where I saw thousands of reenactors - people who live Russian history.
I would like to make a traditional wish for this ship " great voyage", in the sense that many pilgrims from different parts of the Russian land would see him and make a mental voyage with the righteous John of Kronstadt.
I invite all admirers of St. John of Kronstadt to take part in the water procession to Kronstadt with the ship of the All-Russian Shepherd - October 30 this year. (contact phone: 89213836777)
Before the start of this season, the tour operator company Solovetsky Cruises announced the organization of cruises from Arkhangelsk to the Solovetsky Islands. It was supposed to put on the line river boat"Shlisselburg", which has access to this sea route. The partner of the travel company is a transport company engaged in water cargo transportation in the area White Sea, was going to purchase it from the owner - the head of the notorious travel agency "Agidel-Cruise" Natalya Sizina. And since the ship belonging to her received great scandal last year due to the cancellation of cruise routes Moscow - Solovki, it was decided to rename it, calling it “John of Kronstadt”. These were the announced plans, but later they underwent certain adjustments.
To begin with, the ship was never renamed, as stated on the Solovetsky Cruises website, “by technical reasons and administrative regulations." In addition, according to the executive director of the company, Sergei Chichagov, it was decided not to buy the vessel, but to lease it with subsequent purchase. But the most important thing, of course, lies elsewhere. First water trip"Shlisselburg" was scheduled for June 12, but so far the ship has not set out on the declared water route. The sale of ship tours, however, continues; moreover, the company’s sales department noted, almost all places in the first three cheapest tariff categories have been sold for the entire season.
Currently, as Sergei Chichagov informed us, the ship is in Nizhny Novgorod. The delay in the exit, according to him, is primarily due to previously unplanned work on the vessel. In particular, according to the Arkhangelsk port authorities, all the portholes on the lower deck had to be welded, which took quite a lot of time. And after inspecting the ship by the register, it turned out that its owner did not have a number of design and permitting documents. Currently, the necessary documentation is being restored, the issue should be resolved this week. After which, Mr. Chichagov notes, the ship will immediately go to Arkhangelsk. And flights to the Solovetsky Islands, according to him, will begin operating on July 4.
The company's plans include two weekly departures - on Tuesdays and Fridays. Transition duration up to Solovetsky archipelago will be 12 hours. The cost of cruises now starts from 20.9 thousand rubles. Let us remind you that “Shlisselburg” (formerly “Belinsky”) is a double-deck passenger ship of Project 646, built in the GDR in 1955 and modernized several times. In Arkhangelsk, according to Sergei Chichagov, a qualified team has been formed, familiar with the peculiarities of maritime shipping. Thus, all that remains is to obtain official permission.
Among river operators, as a small survey showed, the Shlisselburg’s new cruises are treated with rather restraint. However, there are also market participants who do not believe that they will be able to enter the sea during the current navigation. It is quite possible that the reason for this is largely due to last year’s memories of high-profile cancellations and outstanding debts of the shipowner, who, by the way, remains the same.
Igor Gornostaev
Because of the simplicity of this vessel, I decided to design it for myself and for beginner paper modelers in the Rhinoceros program I chose a scale of 1:100
"John of Kronstadt" is a screw steamer.
story...
GODSON OF ADMIRAL MAKAROV
“In 1894, after treatment in Tokyo, Admiral S. O. Makarov visited the American Great Lakes and saw the work of powerful icebreakers - a Russian invention that had taken root there. And since then he lost peace: even imagining all the difficulty of his plan, he already saw a new, completely new ship, capable of going straight through the ice of the Arctic, which tightly locks the Russian “facade” - the polar seas.
For the first time, Stepan Osipovich Makarov expressed the idea of creating such an icebreaker to his Friend, Professor of the Maritime Academy F. Wrangel back in 1892, when Nansen’s FRAM was just being built. The restless admiral understood how important it was for Russia to master the Northern Sea Route, how much more beneficial for defense and science ships could not freeze into ice, but successfully overcome it...
Energy, persistence and undeniable arguments overcame, albeit slowly, the most important obstacle to the implementation of this idea - bureaucratic inertia, bureaucratic indifference, and sometimes simply misunderstanding. I think that any person understands how important it was for S. O. Makarov to visit the Arctic himself, to get acquainted with the state of affairs in Siberia - otherwise he would not be able to defeat his opponents, admirals like de Beryl and Dubasov, who considered his ideas crazy.
Not without the help of the then influential D.I. Mendeleev, Stepan Osipovich managed to convince the Minister of Finance S. Witte of the need for such a trip, and on August 12, the future builder and designer of the icebreaker boarded the small steamer “John of KRONSTADT”, which was leaving from the Norwegian port of Varde to the shores of Yenisei with the caravan of the English industrialist Popham.
The Irkutsk merchant A. Nemchinov purchased this tug with a capacity of 360 horsepower from the British and planned to transport it to Lake Baikal. It is not known what name it had before the purchase, but they say that S. O. Makarov “named” it that way. The name was not chosen by chance: firstly, the admiral was then living in Kronstadt, commanding a practical squadron of the Baltic Sea, and secondly, he, as befits those times, was a deeply religious man.
Stepan Osipovich immediately “calculated” the steamboat: of course, it would not be possible to go straight to the North Pole on it - straight stem and sides, a flat rudder, but a steel hull, good riveting, a double bottom, a ballast tank, four bulkheads. Two 260 rpm machines, compound systems, even electric lighting...
They also say that the admiral quite often stood at the helm himself, carefully watching how the ship entered the ice, how it got wedged there, how it came out of the ice - this was that invaluable practical experience that soon allowed the admiral-shipbuilder to design the icebreaker “ ERMAK” to find the most optimal solutions.
“The bow of the ship must be blunt... The icebreaker must be exemplary in terms of unsinkability,” notes appear in his notebook. Thus, in the head of the naval commander, the final forms of the vessel he had conceived matured: a steel giant, crushing the most powerful ice. It may seem absurd now, but back then wooden ships were considered the most suitable for sailing in the Arctic.
So this caravan was accompanied for “reliability” by the steam yacht “BLANKATRA” - the future “St. ANNA” expedition of G. L. Brusilov.
On August 29, the admiral arrived in Krasnoyarsk. Then there were Tomsk, Tobolsk, a visit to a reputable shipyard in Tyumen. And everywhere S. O. Makarov bothered the sluggish Siberian merchants, revealing to them the prospects for shipping after a powerful icebreaker and sea cargo ships arrived at the mouth of the Yenisei, talking about the future icebreaker “ERMAK”.
And the admiral’s “godson”, the steamship “John of Kronstadt”, having overcome the impassable Padunsky (Brotherly) rapids along a special rail track along the shore, arrived at Lake Baikal, where he worked for ten years.
In the autumn of 1907, this vessel was purchased from the widow of the merchant Nemchinov by two Lena fish traders - Mindalevich and Chepkasov, who delivered it, riveted into two parts, on horseback along the Malyshovsky tract to Zhigalovo on the Lena, where by the spring of the next year it was assembled and launched with a new called "NORTH".
“The voyage turned out to be painful and alarming,” recalled the oldest Lena captain N.S. Gorovatsky. “There was no shipping situation, the captains did not have pilot charts, and they did not exist at all. All around along the shores there was deserted taiga. Navigating the ship was also not easy; its hull had a high bow, and the steering wheel was located in the forward wheelhouse, from which the river was not visible. The captain stood watch on the upper bridge and through the speaking pipe gave commands to the helmsmen...”
It is no coincidence that the voyage that today's ships complete in six days was completed by the SEVER in almost a month. It is not surprising that in 1912, having finally gone bankrupt, the unlucky steamship owners put the ship under the hammer. The new owner, Yakut millionaire P. Kushnarev, renamed it “POLARY”, changed the boilers, and installed a new high superstructure.
The crew of his powerful steamship turned out to be restless for the owner: in the same year, the largest strike on the Lena took place, covering the bank rivermen and workers from the “LENA”, “SOBOL”, “MIKHAIL”. The crews protested against the Lena execution, demanded an increase in wages, and the sailors from POLARNY also demanded the dismissal of the assistant captain, who had become famous for his repeated beatings of river workers.
In 1920, leaving the ship to the new owners, Kushnarev fled abroad, and in 1922 “POLARY”, dressed in “armor” made of two layers of boards sprinkled with rubble, took part in the establishment of Soviet power in Yakutia.
Since 1931, it was renamed in honor of the famous pilot O.A. in Yakutia. Kalvits, who died while performing an important mission near the village of Sangar-Khaya. As before, this steamer could be found in the lower reaches of the river, among the numerous channels of the Lena Delta, in Tiksi Bay.
There was no meeting (although it was possible) in Tiksi of two ships associated with the name of S.O. Makarov: his “godson”, the former “John of KRONSTADT” and the admiral’s favorite brainchild - the icebreaker “ERMAK”. But their destinies are linked together, albeit invisibly. The admiral blessed “John of Kronstadt” for a long life: built in 1889, it was decommissioned only in 1948, leaving behind a noticeable mark in the history of the fleet.”
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEAMSHIP “John of Kronstadt”
Length/width/side height/draft 34.85 m/5.38/2.96/1.42-1.6 m
Housing, fur. — 1896, 4 bulkheads, sheer hull, half-keel
Compound machines, vertical, with surface cooler, 360 HP, 260 rpm
Boilers 2 spans with a pressure of 8 atm.
Place of construction: Scotland, Glasgow, McLellan Alley, 1889
cargo - 40 tons, in tow - 30 thousand poods.
Assembly process...
Because of the simplicity of this vessel, I decided to design it for myself and for beginner paper modelers in the Rhinoceros program I chose a scale of 1:100
This is what I got in 3D...
During the design process, I unfolded it by itself, that is, I made segments from which the model was glued together
then I transfer the scan data into the CorelDRAW program where I begin to paint the resulting segments of the model parts 
Well, since I think that I’m not the only one who will be assembling it, now I’m busy making assembly diagrams in case someone needs it))) 
Having printed sheets of the model on matte paper with a density of 180 on an inkjet printer, I have already started gluing the model itself, unfortunately I don’t have any photos left of the assembly of the model, I only have a photo of the finished one (((
I glued them with PVA and super glue, I tinted the cut ends with acrylic paints, I glued the rails and davits with wire with super glue. I made the masts from wood, although I designed them from paper too, and the sails were cambric fabric.
