Types of hunting tourism. Development of hunting tourism in Russia. hunting fishing tourism

Introduction

Tourism is one of the largest and most dynamic sectors of the economy. The high pace of its development and large volumes of foreign exchange earnings actively influence various sectors of the economy, which contributes to the formation of its own tourism industry.

An increase in people's free time, an increase in their monetary income in many countries of the world, an increase in the level of education and culture contribute to the growth of the need for tourism. Tourist trips have now become a priority need, which is difficult to refuse even in the face of increased economic difficulties. Thus, one cannot ignore the enormous impact that the tourism industry has on the economy.

Hunting and fishing tourism

Concept and classification of hunting tourism

Hunting is tracking for the purpose of production, pursuit and the production of wild animals and birds, one of the oldest branches of human activity.

Hunting tourism is one of the most expensive types of tourism, sports and active recreation, it is very unique, it ensures not only that tourists stay in places that are attractive to them, but also provides them with the opportunity to engage in an unusual type of activity, that is, hunting. A specific feature of such tourism is the receipt of various licenses that allow hunting, fishing, and export of trophies. Hunting tourism is associated with a certain risk, so highly qualified instructors are needed to ensure the safety of hunting tours. As mentioned above, this type of tourism has a fairly high cost, so it can be classified as an elite vacation.

The main purpose of hunting tourism is hunting. The word "hunting" usually means the process of tracking, searching and catching wild animals or birds in a state of natural freedom. But this definition does not fully reflect the importance of hunting in human life and human society.

Undoubtedly, the ultimate goal of hunting is to obtain game and obtain hunting products. There was a time when hunting provided a person with almost everything necessary for life: meat, lard for food, skins and fur for clothing and housing, even many tools were made from hunting products.

With the growth of the productive forces of human society, the development and improvement of agriculture, cattle breeding and other forms of use of natural resources, hunting has lost its primary role, but to this day its importance remains enormous.

The most valuable hunting product is fur, the importance of which does not decrease even in conditions of mass production of textiles and knitwear. Hunting also provides meat products and various raw materials for the food, fur processing and pharmaceutical industries. However, the significance of hunting is not limited to even obtaining all these values.

If for commercial hunters hunting is a labor process, a source of livelihood, then for the vast majority of hunters it is not the final goal of hunting that is more important, but its process itself - tracking, lying in wait or pursuing wary game. Hunting develops a person’s observation, endurance, ability to camouflage, overcome obstacles, navigate unfamiliar terrain, shoot quickly and accurately, while being in the fresh air and communicating with nature strengthens strength and health. Therefore, every cultural hunter, as a rule, is a good naturalist, carefully observing the life of nature while hunting. And he receives satisfaction not from the quantity of game killed, but from the ability to feel nature, understand it and be able to enjoy it.

Hunting is divided into:

1. by purpose:
- a) commercial hunting is one of the sources of people’s livelihood, a means to earn money and feed themselves and their families;
- b) sport hunting or hunting tourism - a way of entertainment, active recreation. The hunters themselves spend money on this type of hunting.
2. by means used in hunting:
- a) gun hunting;
- b) hunting with hunting animals;
- c) hunting with the help of poisons, sleeping pills;
- d) hunting with the use of illegal weapons.
3. Photo hunting is distinguished as a separate type of hunting.

Depending on the purpose of hunting, commercial hunting, sport-amateur hunting and scientific hunting are conventionally distinguished. Commercial hunting aims to obtain animals for fur, meat and other products for the needs of the population and industry, as well as for export. This hunt produces valuable fur-bearing and ungulate animals (except for those temporarily or permanently prohibited), upland and waterfowl. Sports and amateur hunting, along with the main goal of hunting game (part of which becomes commercial products), develops physical fitness and special skills among athletes; Hunting tourism is developing on its basis. The objects of sport hunting are upland, steppe, waterfowl and swamp game, hare, fox, wolf, and ungulates. Scientific hunting is carried out on the instructions of research institutions to study the hunting fauna, diseases of wild animals, hunting, and local history (stuffed wild animals are added to museums and scientific collections).

Exterminator hunting was sometimes allowed for harmful animals (hamsters, water rats, gophers, wolves in places where they greatly harm agriculture) using all modern tools and methods.

The shooting and trapping of game is regulated by laws, government regulations and other regulations aimed at the sustainable use, conservation and restoration of stocks of useful wild animals.

Hunting tourism is one of the modern types of tourism, when bases offer organization of hunting for animals and birds. Tourist bases also provide rental of hunting equipment.

Tourist sport hunting is organized by special companies for a high license fee (especially high in the countries of Southeast Asia and Africa).

Particularly popular among foreign hunters are hunts organized in Russia by members of the Rosokhotrybolovsoyuz Association. According to the Association, spring hunting for capercaillie and black grouse is of great interest to foreign hunters. Austrian and German hunters are particularly fond of this hunt. They usually come in groups of 10-15 people. Spring 2010 was no exception. The most successful hunting for capercaillie and black grouse was organized by the Yaroslavl, Kirov, Volgograd, Vladimir, and Tver societies of hunters and fishermen.

Among American hunters in the spring of 2010. There was great interest in hunting brown bears in Kamchatka. The Kamchatka Society of Hunters conducted such hunts in the hunting grounds assigned to it. The hunts were successful. The trophies of the hunted animals are amazing in their size. Individual bear skins reached a length of up to 3 m.

During the autumn hunting season, the greatest interest of foreign hunters is in hunting for European elk, Siberian roe deer, bighorn sheep, Kuban tur, and deer.

The planned development of foreign hunting tourism in the USSR began from the moment the corresponding Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR was issued on June 14, 1965. Five state hunting and forestry enterprises received the right to receive the first tourists. The pioneers of hunting tourism arrived in 1965 at the Krasnodarskoye State Forest, where hunts for red deer and roe deer were organized.

By the end of the 1980s, the total number of GLOHs and GOHs specializing in hunting for foreigners reached twenty. Tourists arrived in the USSR only through the State Committee for Tourism. One farm usually received 10-30 tourists per year. The most proven hunting grounds were such hunting grounds as “Baikal”, “Gavrilovskoye”, “Krasnodarskoye”, “Seliger”, “Krasnaya Polyana”, “Red Forest”, “Belogorodskoye”, etc. The total number of visiting hunters was small - up to a maximum of 250 people . in year. They contributed up to $1.5 million to the USSR foreign exchange office, or approximately $6 thousand per foreign client. This is a very high average price level, calculated per client, which is still unattainable in modern conditions. The flow of tourists, of course, was restrained by the state monopoly on this business. The main hunting objects and prices for them under developed socialism are presented in Table 2.

Table 2 - Objects, dates and costs of hunts conducted by the USSR State Committee for Tourism for foreign tourists (according to the advertising booklet of the USSR State Committee for Tourism, 1987).

Name of farm, region, territory or republic	Object of hunting	Hunting dates	Shooting price, depending on the number of trophies, US dollars*
"Red Forest", Krasnodar	Noble deer Roe deer (European and Siberian)		650-12000 150-1700
"Krasnaya Polyana", Krasnodar	Bear Boar		2000-10000 70-1500
"Mityakino", Rostovskaya	Noble deer
"Manych", Rostov	Geese, ducks
"Seliger", Kalininskaya
	Dagestan tour Caucasian deer	September October September October August-October September October
"Gavrilovo", Kherson, Ukraine	Roe deer, wild boar	September October
Azerbaijan	Dagestan tour	July - September
"Baikal", Irkutsk		May, September-October September October
* the shooting price does not include hunting services.

From the table it is clear that:

Most farms were located in the European part of the USSR;

The main objects of hunting were red deer, roe deer, bear, wild boar and partly mountain goats and wood grouse;

The timing of the tours may not coincide with the officially established hunting dates, which is dictated primarily by the need to guarantee the shooting of a good trophy;

Prices for the main hunting objects varied greatly depending on the trophy characteristics of the hunted animal and were quite

High, parity (on an international scale) level.

The majority of state forestry and hunting farms, due to their organizational characteristics, have never been profitable. The high level of intensity of hunting in them implied significant costs for security, hunting and biotechnical measures.

The high level of prices for trophies was supported by a rather complex system of premiums for a good trophy, adopted from European countries. The intensive form of hunting in the forests allowed for effective protection of land and management of animal populations (including selective shooting), which led to the possibility of shooting animals with different, and often good, trophy characteristics. Since each hunter sought to catch the largest specimen, the markup system allowed him to do this for an additional fee.

The state monopoly continued until 1989. On December 2, 1988, Resolution No. 1403 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued, which gave the right, from 03/01/1989, to directly carry out export-import operations to all enterprises and associations, production cooperatives and other organizations whose products (work and services) are competitive in the foreign market . From this moment on, a new, democratic stage begins in the development of hunting tourism in the USSR, and soon in Russia.

Rosokhotrybolovsoyuz (Diana company), Tsentrosoyuz, and Glavohota of the RSFSR are beginning to organize currency hunts. New travel agents are emerging. These are companies such as "Agotur", "Polar Circle", "Infobank-Expeditions", "White City", "Far East", "Kolymintur", "Profel", "Aerotour Service", "Russian Hunt" and many others. Not all of them have survived, some have been reorganized, others are still in operation today. At the same time, a large number of hunting farms throughout Russia declare their readiness to accept foreign hunters, not always correctly assessing their resources. In the early 1990s. The flow of tourists to Russia is increasing sharply.

The opening of “forbidden” territories in the Far East played a major role in increasing the flow of foreign hunters to Russia. First of all, we are talking about the Kamchatka region, a unique region in terms of opportunities for the development of trophy hunting there. At the same time, commercial hunting is actively developing in such regions as Kirov, Vologda, Kurgan, and Tver. Hunting opens in Yakutia and the Magadan region, in the Khabarovsk and Krasnoyarsk territories, in Taimyr and Tyumen, Altai and the Moscow region. In fact, there is no region that has not “experimented” in the field of hunting tourism. Like any period of formation, these years were remembered not only for positive trends, but also for large negative experiences in the organization and economics of a new business for Russia.

The main problems faced by the organizers of currency hunts are as follows;

Incompetence or little experience in documenting tours, imperfection of Russian legislation;

Poor on-farm organization of tours;

Low staff training;

Lack of experience in services marketing;

Ignorance of the social and ethical characteristics of the clientele;

Force majeure and other objective circumstances.

Due to the fact that in the first half of the 1990s. these problems have become especially acute, and information in the foreign hunting world is spreading at lightning speed between the main hunting clubs and, accordingly, the hunters themselves; there has been a clear “isolation” of farms, companies and regions that have not ensured the proper completion of hunting tours. For this reason, by the mid-1990s. the overall flow of foreign hunters has decreased sharply. The outflow of clientele did not affect only those outfitters who had proven themselves from a professional point of view.

Currently, up to 2,000 foreign tourists officially visit the Russian Federation annually for hunting purposes. This is the same opinion of V.V. Melnikova The most visited regions are Kamchatka (Kamchatka region and Koryak Autonomous Okrug) - up to 250 people. per year, Kurgan (according to the Kurgan Fishing Union, over the past 8 years, 282 foreigners visited their farms alone), Tverskaya, Vologda.

But the state hunting inspectors themselves admit that in the best case, from 20% (Irkutsk region, Buryatia) to 70-80% (Kurgan, Kamchatka regions) of all staying hunters are registered. This is due to the fact that many foreign hunters arrive in Russia on documents not related to hunting. They do not receive a special permit for weapons or documents giving the right to hunt. All this is covered by the organizer of the “illegal” business. Hunting is carried out “secretly”, and trophies, if any, are either exported, bypassing the official procedure, or are not exported at all (this is especially true for hunting small and low-trophy game).

In recent decades, a new phenomenon called domestic Russian hunting tourism has been gaining momentum. There has been a rapid growth in the category of citizens in the country who have the desire, and most importantly the financial ability, to go on hunting expeditions.

If in the 50-80s. The main goal was outdoor recreation, not provided with any special service, but today a Russian hunter-tourist is the same as a foreigner, often demanding better quality service for his money. This is explained by the fact that foreign citizens, for the most part, when traveling to Russia, prepare themselves in advance (based on the recommendations of local travel agencies) for a low level of service associated with their ideas about the Russian mentality. Our compatriot, paying, say, $100 a day for hunting services, requires a real “saturation” of tourist services.

In the early 1990s, when many people began to engage in hunting tourism, due to increased competition and poor knowledge of price conditions on the foreign market, prices for basic hunting objects decreased in a number of regions and hunting grounds.

The price of a “package” of services (including shooting) for a brown bear reached 1000, Siberian roe deer up to 200, and red deer up to 500. In this regard, in 1991, the Main Hunting Directorate of the RSFSR was forced to issue Instruction No. 04-5-07 dated 01/09/1991 “On prices for hunting and services for foreign citizens.” In addition to recommended prices, the instructions also contained minimum prices that should be charged to tourist hunters during the 1991-92 season. (see table 3). In a number of ways, this table is still relevant today.

Table 3 - Minimum cost charged to foreign hunters for the production of game animals during the 1991-1992 hunting season. (Glavokhota RSFSR, 1991)

	Minimum cost of the hunted animal, c.u.	Note
Adults	Young animals*
1. European elk
2. East Siberian elk
3. Ussuri elk
4. European deer


7. Sika deer
8. Reindeer
9. European roe deer
10. Siberian roe deer
11. Saiga
12Lur Dagestan and Kuban
13. Siberian ibex
14. Bighorn sheep
15. Musk deer

17. Brown bear		Regardless of gender and age


20. Capercaillie: spring in the European part in the Asian part in autumn
21. Grouse: spring in the European part in the Asian part in autumn
22. Goose in spring autumn
20. Duck in spring in autumn		Only drakes Regardless of gender

Simultaneously with the reduction in prices, the procedure for assessing the trophy was simplified. If in the 70s and 80s. trophies of such game animals as deer, roe deer, elk, wild boar, bear, mountain ungulates, saiga, musk deer, wolf, lynx were assessed according to the Regulations on hunting trophies in the USSR (based on the international CIC scoring), but in our time this procedure is either significantly simplified or not carried out at all.

A.B. Zdorov, V.K. Karnaukhova and T.A. Krakow includes hunting and fishing in the group of so-called adventure tours (safari tours). In their opinion, the main functions of hunting and fishing tourism are the function of self-expression and the function of self-affirmation.

Adventure tourism ensures not only that tourists stay in an attractive place, but also that they engage in an unusual activity. The geography and themes of adventure tours are vast and varied. These are usually group tours. A specific feature of such tourism is the receipt of various licenses that allow hunting, fishing, and export of trophies. Adventure tourism involves certain risks, so highly qualified instructors are needed to ensure the safety of such tours. Hunting and fishing tourism is a paid type of travel. The cost of hunting and fishing tours significantly exceeds the cost of amateur hunting (i.e. the price of a license and a voucher), due to the range of services provided by the travel agent and tour operator. This type of tourism has a fairly high cost, and in many cases it can be classified as an elite vacation.

Thus, the organization of hunting and fishing tours is a type of economic activity aimed at making a profit.

Currently, such adventure tours as African safari, camel hunting (Yemen, Egypt) and motonart (Finland), spearfishing and others are popular.

But there is another opinion regarding what types of tours include hunting and fishing. According to I.V. Zorin, hunting and fishing are forms of amateur tourism.

Such hobby tours provide the opportunity to engage in any activity among like-minded people during a vacation or travel (hunters, fishermen, fans of hunting and fishing sports).

Typically, such tours are organized in the form of group trips. Basic rules - formation of a group based on homogeneity of interests and thematic focus of the service program

In recreational geography, “specially separated areas for conducting license-regulated hunting and recreational fishing, as well as conducting ecological, zoological and ichthyological research and activities” are called “fishing and hunting parks.”

Hunting and fishing parks are a type of national park. Their main tasks include:

Preservation of natural complexes, unique and reference natural sites and objects;

Environmental education of the population;

Creation of conditions for regulated tourism and recreation;

Development and implementation of scientific methods of nature conservation and environmental education;

Carrying out environmental monitoring;

Restoration of disturbed natural complexes and objects.

Tourist signs and markers are common in hunting and fishing parks. Therefore, it is necessary that fishermen and hunters become familiar with the basics of tourism, know tourist signs and indicators, can properly inform tourists and vacationers, and show them the way in the forest. Hunters and fishermen must exert an educational influence on forest visitors and tourists so that they correctly understand the meaning of tourism and observe the rule of protecting the natural environment and animals in the wild, especially in the forest.

Another specific feature of hunting and fishing tourism is the competitive nature of the relationships between tourists, which makes it possible to classify this type of travel as sports tourism.

Hunting and fishing tourism is characterized by high social responsibility for the use, protection and reproduction of natural resources.

Another feature in organizing hunting and fishing tours is seasonality, the cycles of which do not coincide with traditional types of tourism. Seasonal fluctuations in demand in the field of hunting and fishing tourism, along with the availability of free time, vacations of the majority of potential consumers and dependence on climatic conditions, are associated primarily with the state environmental policy. Seasonality indicators have a major impact on the degree of utilization of the material and technical base of hunting and fishing tourism and the use of personnel.

Thus, seasonality largely determines the overall economic efficiency of hunting and fishing tourism and can be considered as one of the most important factors in increasing the economic efficiency of foreign and domestic hunting and fishing tourism.

In the practice of conducting hunting tours, there are 3 main seasons: spring, summer-autumn and winter. Hunting periods are strictly regulated by the state, and specific opening and closing dates for hunting seasons are set annually by regional authorities. This is due to the state environmental policy.

The spring hunting season is the shortest (usually 10 calendar days). Spring bird hunting is carried out only for males, with the exception of the goose, since outwardly the male and female are practically the same. Males of capercaillie, black grouse and various species of ducks are allowed to be shot. The state sets standards for shooting birds in the spring (for example, one male capercaillie per season or two geese per day of hunting). This achieves minimization of the negative impact of spring hunting on game animal populations. In Kamchatka, brown bear hunting is open in spring.

The summer-autumn hunting season opens at a time when young game animals can lead an independent life. Thus, the summer-autumn bird hunting season in the northern part of the Russian Federation opens in August, in the southern part - in September, and closes in November. The hunting season for fur-bearing animals (hare, fox, etc.) opens in September and closes on February 28 (29). At the end of August - beginning of September it is possible to hunt for bear and wild boar - “on oats”, for deer - “on roar”.

The winter hunting season is open for fur-bearing animals. From November to January, hunting for ungulates (wild boars, deer) is allowed - “drive”. Bear hunting is allowed all winter - “in the den”.

Fishing is much less regulated by season than hunting. The main seasonal restrictions are associated with the spawning period of fish. Therefore, organizing fishing tourism is possible almost all year round. The main limiting factor in this sense is seasonal fluctuations in the “biting” of fish, known both to the organizers of fishing tours and to fishing tourists.

Fishing tourism services can be divided into summer and winter. Organizing winter tours is much more difficult, and in winter there is a decline in demand for fishing tours.

The degree of risk of hunting and fishing tourism also increases due to the intangibility, non-preservation of services, one-sidedness of their production, sale and consumption. As a result, income from unfilled places on bases is lost forever. Therefore, tour operators must take into account the seasonality of fluctuations in tourist flows, adjusting the capacity of production units, the throughput of hunting grounds, and temporarily increasing or reducing the number of service personnel.

Thus, organizing hunting and fishing tours is a very specific activity. It is this way primarily due to seasonality and high social responsibility for the use, protection and reproduction of natural resources. In addition to all of the above, another very important specific feature is obtaining various licenses that allow hunting, fishing, and export of trophies.

The main motivations for these types of tourism are, in fact, consonant and coincide with their names - these are hunting and fishing. Additional motivations in this case are: recreation, entertainment, leisure time, and in some cases (for example, in African or Latin American countries) - learning through excursion programs.

The main consumer of these types of tourism is mainly the male population, mostly middle-aged, with a fairly high level of income, since hunting tourism, especially organized in exotic countries, can be classified as one of the most expensive types of tourism. Male tourists, as a rule, go on tour alone, in more rare cases - with their family.

The main destinations of these types of tourism are:

· Russian Federation: Altai, Astrakhan, Volga delta, Seliger, Karelia, Abkhazia, Kamchatka, central Russia.

· Foreign destinations: Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa), Europe (Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Germany, France, Sweden, Finland, Norway), Latin America (Venezuela, Brazil, Dominican Republic) and some others.

In fishing and hunting tourism there is a special seasonality associated with the so-called reproductive period in animals:

· Fishing is prohibited during the spawning season

· Hunting is prohibited during the rutting season.

In addition, fishing and hunting of animals listed in the Red Book, national and world conservation lists, as well as shooting of pregnant and lactating females and young animals is strictly prohibited. Violation of this requirement, as well as violation of the legally permitted start date for fishing and hunting, is poaching, i.e. a crime that carries hefty fines and, in some cases, imprisonment and deportation from the country. You should also remember that in some countries night hunting is strictly prohibited.

In hunting and fishing tourism, there are both group and individual tours, however, in group tours, groups of tourists are usually small: 3-5 people, maximum 10 people.

The average duration of tours is 7(8)-10 days.

A standard tour program usually includes: accommodation, meals, hunting (safari) or fishing, huntsman services, permits and licenses, insurance, visas (if necessary), transportation of tourists to the host country (region), transfers, initial processing of trophies. Obtained trophies are paid additionally, their cost is determined depending on the size - the weight of the horns, the length of the fangs, etc. The hunter receives a trophy - a skull with horns or fangs. If a tourist wants to take meat, skin or a whole carcass with him, this is paid additionally. There is also an additional fee for the services of a taxidermist to make a stuffed animal. In fishing tourism, cutting, cooking, salting, drying and packaging of caught fish is offered for an additional fee.

As noted above, fishing, and especially hunting tourism, is one of the most expensive types of tourism, not only in terms of the cost of organization, but also in terms of the cost of trophies. The cheapest trophies are hares, rodents, game, and some types of ungulates: their cost ranges from 30 (50) to 300 (500) US dollars or euros (depending on the region). The most expensive trophies include the so-called “African Big Five” - elephant, rhinoceros, buffalo, lion and leopard. The cost of each of these animals reaches several tens of thousands of US dollars.

Excursions (usually sightseeing or environmental), entertainment programs, cruise programs, etc. are also paid additionally.

When organizing hunting and fishing tours, it is necessary to develop a clear schedule of all events and programs, combining hunting and fishing with recreation, entertainment and excursion activities, especially if the group includes tourists (women, children) who do not take part in hunting and fishing.

Accommodation and meals for tourists are provided in cottages, hunting lodges, special camp sites, tents (directly at the hunting and fishing site), and sometimes in hotels of various categories (usually categories 4-5*, offered on foreign tours). An important aspect is the organization of meals for tourists at the hunting or fishing site: as a rule, tourists are given a lunch package or a cook is included in the accompanying staff to provide tourists with food.

The most important point is to provide tourists with all the necessary licenses and permits. It should be remembered that in some countries, for example, in Finland, you must have 2 fishing permits: national and local (of the area where fishing is offered). It should also be remembered that for each issued license you can shoot only a strictly defined number of game and animal heads, for example, 1 roe deer, etc.

Particular attention is paid to the timing of booking and payment for tours, mainly hunting ones. Tour reservations (in African and Latin American countries) are made at least six months before the start of the tour. When booking a tour, the tourist makes an advance payment in the amount of 50-60% of its cost, which is not refundable if the tourist cancels the tour. In addition, there is a so-called “waiting list” for hunting representatives of the “Big Five”. This is due to the fact that in African countries there is a certain annual limit for shooting these animals, which cannot be violated. If the animals do not produce offspring during the reproductive period, the tourist continues to be on the “waiting list”, and the hunt is postponed to the next year. There are also certain restrictions for fishing in some countries, for example: in some countries, the tourist is obliged to release the caught fish back into the reservoir.

Special requirements are imposed on the personnel - trackers and rangers accompanying tourists. These requirements include: detailed knowledge of the area, professional use of weapons, organizational skills, professional skills in organizing hunting and fishing, first aid skills, etc. In addition, the most important function of the accompanying person is to select from a distance the animal that is supposed to be shot. The tourist is obliged to shoot the animal indicated to him. Having made a mistake (for example, shooting an animal that is too young), the tourist must pay a large fine.

It is necessary to specify the language for hunting and fishing, as well as additional excursions. For example, in the countries of Africa and Latin America, the main language of communication is English (in the second case, also Spanish).

A few words should be said about fishing gear and weapons, the use of which has certain restrictions. Thus, when organizing fishing, restrictions are imposed on catching certain types of fish with a certain type of gear, for example, only with a spinning rod. The more important issue concerns weapons. Thus, when exporting weapons from the country, you need not only a permit to own (carry) a weapon, but also a permit to export it, which must be processed for at least a month, which must be taken into account when planning and ordering a hunt. In addition, in most hunting countries:

· Hunting for ungulates with smooth-bore weapons is prohibited (with the exception of shooting roe deer and wild boar with a bullet in driven hunts; buckshot is prohibited).

· It is prohibited to use rifled weapons with a caliber of less than 6.5 mm and a caliber of 7.62X39 when hunting ungulates.

· There are various restrictions on the purchase of cartridges for rifled weapons, so it is advisable to take them with you.

It is necessary to follow certain rules when transporting weapons: weapons are transported in the luggage compartment, unloaded, in a metal box, locked.

If desired, tourists can rent fishing equipment and weapons, which can be tested on the spot.

It should also be remembered that it is necessary to follow certain rules when transporting hunting dogs, which are transported in the luggage compartment, in special containers with absorbent bedding, and which must have a certificate of vaccination against rabies and an international veterinary certificate.

The clothes, shoes, accessories, etc. needed by tourists are also specified. depending on the country and region of residence.

The main tour operators offering fishing and hunting tours are: the Slavic Trophy club, Rosa, EBF-tour, Gorny Slope Tour, Euro-Volga, Lovelitour, Yurfo-tour, etc.

Having examined the main, most popular types of tourism, a few words should be said about some other types of travel, which still belong to a relatively small, but quite stable, independent segment of the market.

· Rural tourism. This type of tourism is also sometimes called village or agro-tourism. It is a holiday in the countryside organized through tourism enterprises. The motivation for a rural holiday is the tourist’s desire for unity with nature, a change of scenery, visiting uncrowded places, a different, quieter, more measured and relaxed lifestyle and daily routine, different from the city, as well as often getting acquainted with and participating in agricultural work and picking mushrooms and berries. Rural tourism has 2 main forms:

1. Accommodation in cottages, houses and hotels in rural areas.

2. Accommodation with a family on a farm or in a separate house.

There are still very few rural tourism offers on the Russian market. For example, there are offers for holidays in cottages in rural areas in Finland, Latvia, and some other countries. Abroad, it’s the other way around: rural tourism is popular and in active demand among urban residents. In Russia, proposals for rural tourism are appearing for foreigners, for whom this type of recreation can safely be called truly exotic.

· Military tourism. Involves visiting places of battles and historical battles for veterans and relatives of fallen soldiers, visiting military facilities and training grounds, combat naval ships, submarines, riding military equipment, tanks, supersonic fighters, shooting from military weapons at firing ranges and shooting ranges, participating in military exercises and maneuvers. This type of tourism also includes visits to former concentration camps and prisons, although these activities are usually part of excursion tours. This group also includes the presence of tourists during the launch of spacecraft at cosmodromes as spectators and space tourism itself, i.e. launching tourists into space, which today is perhaps the most expensive type of tourism.

· Nostalgia tourism– tourism to places of historical residence of the population or to meet relatives. Migrants can be conditionally divided into forced ones, who forcibly leave their place of historical residence due to expulsion for religious, military or political reasons, and voluntary ones, who left their homeland in search of a “better life” (economic migrants). Nostalgic tourism involves visiting relatives, cities, villages and other settlements of historical residence, and cemeteries. Examples of nostalgic tourism include tourism by Finns to the Karelian Isthmus of the Leningrad Region and other areas around Lake Ladoga, tourism by current Americans of Irish origin to Ireland, tourism, and sometimes emigration of Volga Germans to Germany.

· Extreme and adventure tourism. This type of tourism involves overcoming various obstacles and difficulties, associated with a high level of risk and degree of danger, learning survival techniques in difficult, often extreme conditions. Sometimes it is classified as a type of extreme sports tourism. This group includes: mountaineering, rock climbing, ice climbing, complex mountain rafting and hiking in dangerous, extreme conditions (for example, in the jungle), etc. This type of tourism usually involves living in a tent camp, cooking your own food, etc. Sometimes this group includes tours for the purpose of treasure hunting. Here we differentiate between professional scientific expeditions in search of treasures and treasures and amateur ones – adventure and entertainment expeditions that involve searching for and finding a symbolic, “prize” treasure. These tours, in fact, can be classified as a type of entertainment tourism.

· Scientific tourism. Involves a fairly long stay in a particular country, region or locality for strictly scientific purposes. Often organized in national parks, nature reserves and reserves for the purpose of observing and studying certain types of flora and fauna. The purpose of observation is not superficial acquaintance, but a systematic, in-depth study of the selected species or species. Such trips for scientists are often organized with direct participation and cooperation with certain research institutes and institutions.

Bibliography

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4. Mironenko N. S., Tverdokhlebov I. T. Recreational geography. M., 1981.

5. Guidebooks of the “The World Around Us” series.

6. Veprentsev V.Yu., Vasilyev I.V. “Legal regulation of tourism business in the Russian Federation.” Practical guide. M., 2000.

Felluca is a small sailing boat.

Based on materials from Skyway. www.skw.ru, as well as the catalog “Cruise Cascades of the Legend of the Nile” from the same company.

Based on materials from the company “Cruise Line” www.cruiseline.ru/dunay/map.shtml

Based on materials from the company “Intour” www.intour.narod.ru

At prices from Cruise Line www.cruiseline.ru

Based on materials from the Chaika Tour company www.chaika.ru

Neptune Company www.neptuncruise.com

Company "Breze Line" www.breze.ru

Company "Cruise Line" www.cruiseline.ru

Based on materials from the MITS company www.mits.ru

Based on materials from the company “AIDE” www.mtu-net.ru/aide/

Based on materials from The Delta Queen Steamboat Co www.deltaqueen.com

Based on materials from the Volga Fleet Tour company www.volgabalt.ru

Based on materials from the catalog “River cruises on motor ships” of the company “Capital Shipping Company”

Based on materials from the weekly business magazine “Russian Focus” No. 7 dated May 14, 2001, authors Ekaterina Gaidanskaya, Polina Zvereva.

Based on materials from the magazine “Russian Focus” No. 7 dated May 14, 2001

M.B. Birzhakov “Introduction to tourism”, M – S. Pb, “Nevsky Fund”, 2000, pp. 162 -163.

Kosolapov A.B. “Theory and practice of ecological tourism”, textbook, Moscow, Knorus, 2005. pp. 16 - 23

Chernushenko S.S. “Nature conservation and certain types of specially protected natural areas”

Textbook, Saratov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2002.

Kosolapov A.B. “Theory and practice of ecological tourism”, textbook, Moscow, Knorus, 2005. Pp. 16-23

Http://www.luxe.ru/countries/location241.htmhttp://www.luxe.ru/countries/location241.htm http://www.luxe.ru/countries/location241.htm

Http://www.prem.ru/area.php?id=180

Http://www.altairtravel.ru/country.php?id=68

Http://www.ftsafari.ru/namibET.shtm

Http://www.namibiaweb.ru/places/parks/etosha.htm

Http://www.tourserver.com.ua/country_det.php?sid=cffaa67e112afed0b7d62339e159f6bc&cid=UG

Http://www.floranimal.ru/national/park.php?pid=66

Http://www.floranimal.ru/national/park.php?pid=59

Http://www.ekvatour.ru/info/country.asp?country=tz

Http://sputnik.mto.ru/Kultura/25/TAZ/1.htm

Http://www.floranimal.ru/national/park.php?pid=88

Http://zametki.com.ua/abroad/Kenya/kenshorts/

Tsavo National Parks, article, “Subtleties of sales winter 2005 – 2006”, directory catalog, No. 5, 2005,

“LLC – Subtleties of Sales.”

Http://www.allatravels.ru/alla/Default.aspx?ID=619

Http://www.afrikana.ru/?c=kenya&d=2&dd=12#ci

Http://www.1014581.ru/index.phtml?g=TSAE

Http://www.kupi-tur.ru/?countryID=160

Buznik M. “Kruger Park” article, “Tour Business” magazine No. 18 (105) 2004, “Tour Business” Publishing House.

The plot is the chain of events that the excursion narrates.

"Hunting and fishing tourism"

hunting fishing tourism

Introduction

The relevance of this topic of course work is due, first of all, to the fact that now more and more legal entities and individuals, regional hunting farms, hunters' societies, and private structures offer the organization of hunting and fishing tours. The market for services is constantly expanding, the quality of their provision is increasing, acquiring a civilized outline.

The purpose of this course work is to study the characteristics of hunting and fishing tourism.

Research objectives:

1. Consider the concept, purpose and objectives of hunting and fishing tourism;

2. Identify and characterize the features of organizing hunting and fishing tours;

Consider the features of organizing hunting and fishing tourism in Russia and in individual Russian regions.

The subject of the research is hunting and fishing tourism.

The object of the study is the organization of hunting and fishing tourism in such Russian regions as the Altai Territory, the Altai Republic, the Pskov Region, the Volgograd Region, the Khanty-Mansiysk District (Ugra) and the Penza Region.

The theoretical basis of the study was the literature on recreational geography, service activities and tourism economics, in particular, the works of A.B. Zdorova, V.K. Karnaukhova, T.A. Krakovskaya, V.P. Maksakovsky, A.S. Kuskova, V.L. Golubeva, T.N. Odintsova, M.N. Kirsanova, N.P. Fetinova and others.

The empirical basis of the study was specifically applied research published in the journals Tourism, Tourist Olympus, Rybolov, etc. These are articles by such people as I. Sviridova, V. Bochkarev, I. Lyulko, M. Osipov, D. Kuznetsov and others.

The information base for the study was materials posted on various Internet sites.

Research methods: study of educational, reference, monographic literature and periodical materials; analysis and synthesis of material.

The course work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references and applications.

1. Theoretical aspects of hunting and fishing tourism

.1 Concept, purpose and objectives of hunting tourism

Hunting is tracking for the purpose of production, pursuit and the production of wild animals and birds, one of the oldest branches of human activity.

Exterminator hunting was sometimes allowed for harmful animals (hamsters, water rats, gophers, wolves in places where they greatly harm agriculture) using all modern tools and methods.

The shooting and trapping of game is regulated by laws, government regulations and other regulations aimed at the sustainable use, conservation and restoration of stocks of useful wild animals.

Hunting tourism is one of the modern types of tourism, when bases offer organization of hunting for animals and birds. Tourist bases also provide rental of hunting equipment.

Tourist sport hunting is organized by special companies for a high license fee (especially high in the countries of Southeast Asia and Africa).

During the autumn hunting season, the greatest interest of foreign hunters is in hunting European elk, Siberian roe deer, bighorn sheep, Kuban tur, deer, etc.

.2 Concept, purpose and objectives of fishing tourism

Fishing is one of the types of environmental management: the extraction of fish and water bodies.

There are commercial fishing - a branch of the economy engaged in the procurement of fish, sea animals, invertebrates and algae as raw materials for the food, light and medical industries, consumer fishing to meet personal needs, amateur and sport fishing - a type of recreation, tourism and sports.

Sports fishing is a competition in mastery of various sports fishing gear (rod, spinning rod, fly fishing tackle). Championships, cups and championships of the Russian Federation, all-Russian public and sports associations, and departments of Russia are held; interregional competitions and cups; regional, district and city competitions.

There is a distinction between fishing with winter and summer gear. Winter competitions take place when the ice cover is at least 10 cm thick.

International Confederation of Sportfishing (CIPS) since 1953. has been holding European Championships since 1957. - peace.

Fishing tourism is one of the modern types of tourism, when bases offer specialized services in the form of a license to catch valuable species of fish. They also provide transportation for tourists to hard-to-reach fishing spots; rental of fishing equipment and organize fishing in ponds with fish specially bred for this purpose.

All over the world, tourist fishing is an exciting hobby for rich people. In some establishments, organizing an exclusive fishing tour for a client costs up to several thousand dollars. This price is determined by the need to solve many different problems when organizing fishing.

Many companies, with many years of experience, offer comprehensive and targeted services. The search and development of new routes does not stop for a minute. The geography of fishing tours offered by travel companies is expanding every day.

In Russia today, fans of fishing tourism can choose a fishing tour to the jungles of the Volga-Caspian Delta, to the Lower Volga and Akhtuba, to Karelya and the Kola Peninsula, to Baikal and Tuba, to Kamchatka and the Far East, to Yakutia, in Central Russia , in the Volga region, in the Tver, Smolensk, Ryazan regions, in the Moscow region.

1.3 Features of organizing hunting and fishing tours

A tour is a comprehensive travel service that can be sold to a consumer (tourist). The tour includes accommodation, transportation, meals, excursion services, guide-translator services and other necessary services in accordance with the purposes of the trip. A.B. Zdorov, V.K. Karnaukhova and T.A. Krakowskaya classifies hunting and fishing as part of the group of so-called adventure tours. (Safari tours). In their opinion, the main functions of hunting and fishing tourism are the function of self-expression and the function of self-affirmation.

Currently, adventure tours such as African safari, camel hunting (Yemen, Egypt) and motorbike hunting (Finland), underwater hunting, etc. are popular.

According to the Great Expedition, published in 2006, hunting and fishing are forms of recreational tourism. Such hobby tours provide the opportunity to engage in any activity among like-minded people during a vacation or travel (hunters, fishermen, fans of hunting and fishing sports).

Typically, such tours are organized in the form of group trips. Basic rules - formation of a group based on homogeneity of interests and thematic focus of the service program

In recreational geography specifically