What a river Tanais is. Tanais on the Russian river. Tanais - Italian colony
River Don(ancient name Tanais) is one of the largest rivers in the European part of Russia. Only the Volga and Ural are larger. We can say that this is a Cossack river, since the Don Cossacks began to emerge here at the beginning of the 15th century. The bank of the Don River is uneven: the right bank is steep and steep, while the left bank is much flatter. The length is 1950 km. The riverbed is winding and difficult for ships to navigate. There are areas where the depth is quite shallow.
Drainage basin area: 422,000 sq. km.
Average flow at the mouth: 935 m3/sec.
Length of shipping section: 1590 km. The Don is navigable from Voronezh to its mouth.
Length of the Volga-Don Canal: 101 km.
A fall: 180 m. River slope: 0.1 m/km
Main ports: Rostov-on-Don, Liski, Kalach-on-Don, Azov, Volgodonsk.
River tributaries: the total number of tributaries is 4200. The main ones are: Khoper (the largest left tributary of the Don), Krasivaya Mecha, Nepryadva, Sosna, Voronezh, Seversky Donets.
Where does it occur: The Don River originates near the city of Novomoskovsk. Its source, the Urvanka stream, is located in the north of the Central Russian Upland. The height above sea level is 180 m. From here the Don continues its flow south through Russia until it flows into the Sea of Azov. Below Rostov-on-Don, the river mouth forms a delta with an area of 340 km. square. Here the river bed is divided into numerous channels and branches. Locals call them girla. Among them, the most significant are: Kalancha and Kuterma, Dead Donets. Rostov-on-Don is the main port and the largest city on the banks of the river. It is also called the “Southern Capital of Russia” and the “Gateway of the Caucasus”.
Don River regime
Feeding method: 70% of the water comes from snowmelt, the rest comes mainly from precipitation and groundwater.
Freezing: In winter, the Don is covered with an ice crust; the water freezes from late November to early December, and lasts until the end of March. Thus, on average, the river is under ice for about 140 days. In spring, the water level rises noticeably. High banks serve as good natural protection against floods.
Biological resources, inhabitants: It is nominally believed that there are 70 species of fish in the Don River. But due to environmental problems (garbage, oil spills, blue-green algae), many of them are already difficult to find. The most common species are pike, crucian carp, bream, burbot, bunting, rudd, and bleak. Fishing on the Don gives a larger catch if you fish in the lower reaches of the river, as they are especially rich in fish.
Several reservoirs were built on the river: Tsimlyanskoye and Voronezhskoye.
Don River on the map:
Video selection.
Old Man Don Pavlovsk, Voronezh region:
Kostya Undrov – Left Bank of the Don:
Along the Don River, from Azov to Rostov-on-Don:
“Tanais” is the first of the archaeological museum-reserves created in Russia on the territory of Russia. It is based on sections of the ancient city of Tanais, discovered as a result of research by the Lower Don expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, carried out since 1955. The city is named after the Tanais (Don) river, at the mouth of which at its confluence with Meotida (Sea of Azov) was founded, for almost eight centuries it played a significant role in the economic and political life of the cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast and the spaces of the Great Steppe bordering them.
The Tanais Archaeological Museum-Reserve is located 35 km southwest of Rostov-on-Don. It was created on the basis of excavations of a monument of federal significance, a settlement and necropolis of Tanais - the extreme northeastern center of ancient civilization (III century BC - 5th century AD). The areas of the ancient city explored by archaeologists form an open-air exhibition. The most striking finds are demonstrated in the historical exhibition of the museum. In addition, the Museum of Historical Costume and the Exhibition Complex are open to the public. Within the protected areas of the museum-reserve there is a unique ensemble of historical, cultural and natural monuments.
The Tanais Museum is located on the outskirts of the village of Nedvigovka, Myasnikovsky district, Rostov region. On his estate he presents a reconstruction of ancient buildings and a lapidarium - a collection of large finds, mainly stone slabs with texts carved on them. In the halls of the “open-air museum” there are thematic and permanent exhibitions: “Ancient and painted ceramics”, “Museum of historical costume”, “Tanais and the Lower Don in art”. A special pride of Tanais is the unique hall of amphora standards, the only experience in Europe of open storage of amphorae.
Tanais - Greek colony
Tanais was founded in the 3rd century. BC e. Greeks, immigrants from the Bosporan kingdom, on the right bank of the then main branch of the mouth of the Tanais River (now Don) - the Dead Donets, after which the city received its name.
For many centuries, Tanais was a major economic, political and cultural center of the Don-Azov region. The Greek geographer Strabo calls it the largest after Panticapaeum (the capital of the Bosporan kingdom, in the territory of present-day Kerch), marketplace of barbarians. Ancient geographers and historians drew the border between Europe and Asia from Tanais. The city gradually acquired features characteristic of the lifestyle of local tribes. Tanais fought for independence from the Bosporan rulers. In 237 AD e. it was destroyed by the Goths. Restored 140 years later by the Sarmatians, Tanais gradually turned into a center of agricultural and craft production, and at the beginning of the 5th century AD. e. fell into disrepair.
Tanais - Italian colony
At the beginning of the Middle Ages, the Venetians founded the Tana trading post in a new location - on the changed main branch of the Don mouth, now called the Old Don. Later, control over the city passed to Genoa, which built a Genoese fortress here.
In Polovtsian times, the colony of Tanais began to be called Tan for short. In 1395, Tamerlane's troops razed the city to the ground, completely destroying the walls.
In the 15th century the colony Tan(the medieval name of the Genoese colony of Tanais) was partially restored on the site of the later city of Azov.
The rule of the Genoese came to an end in the fall of 1475. The Ottoman Turks, having captured all the Genoese fortresses of Crimea (Captaincy of Gothia) and the Orthodox Crimean principality of Theodoro before attacking Tang in the same year, landed troops and captured the Tang colony. The Turks owned the city, which finally received the name Azov, with short breaks (in 1637-1643 and 1696-1711) from 1475 to 1736, when, as a result of numerous wars, the city of Azov passed to the Russian Empire.
Among the most interesting objects stored in the museum’s collections is a slab with a relief sign of the Bosporan king Rimetalkos of the 2nd century. According to scientists, it was built into the defensive walls of the city, and it is decorated with the king’s personal sign. Another unique exhibit: a marble altar decorated on one side with the head of a bull and on the other with a woman’s bust. The silver perfume bottle found in Tanais is also unusually elegant. Its surface is decorated with inserts of garnet and gold wire.
The first to pay attention to the place where Tanais was subsequently excavated was Colonel Ivan Alekseevich Stempkovsky, a corresponding member of the Paris Academy of Sciences. He went down in history as the creator of the Museum of Antiquities in Odessa and Kerch. In the thickets near the Nedvigovka farm in 1823, Stempkovsky discovered strange “trenches”, which turned out to be not trenches at all, but the remains of ancient fortifications. Shards of broken dishes - Greek amphorae, as well as Bosporan coins confirmed this guess.
The first regular excavations, begun 30 years later under the leadership of Moscow University professor Pavel Mikhailovich Leontyev, and then the famous numismatist, Baron Vladimir Gustavovich Tizenhausen, generally confirmed the hypothesis of the famous archaeologist. Walls were discovered and a rough plan of the city was revealed. However, in the 1870s, excavations stopped, only to resume in Soviet times. They are still going on. It is thanks to this work that today we see the exciting and dramatic history of a huge city that disappeared from the face of the earth.
In ancient times, Tanais was considered the largest trading center of the Northern Black Sea region and Meotida (the Greeks called the Sea of Azov Lake Meotida). In the Roman era, it was believed that this is where the border between the civilized world and the steppe inhabited by barbarian nomads lay. Pliny the Younger wrote: “For anyone who enters here, Europe is on the left hand, Asia is on the right.”
The name of the city itself comes from the name of the great river Tanais. In Hellenic geography, these are the Northern Donets and Don (in the lower reaches). However, over more than two millennia, the coastline has changed a lot. The city was built at the confluence of Tanais with the Sea of Azov. Now, only one of the Don branches flows in these places - the Dead Donets
The first settlements here were founded by the Greeks from the Bosporus in the 3rd century BC. e. No later than the beginning of the 2nd century BC. e. residential areas were surrounded by a fortress wall. However, between 14 and 8 BC. e. the city was destroyed by the Bosporan king Polemon. The Greek geographer Strabo wrote about this event as a rumor from a distant outskirts: “It was recently destroyed by King Polemon for disobedience.” The western part of the city suffered the most, and was never rebuilt. The residents restored the rest of the territory quickly enough, and in memory of these events, Tanais Day was celebrated annually.
Period from 1st to 3rd centuries AD. e - the time of the highest prosperity of Tanais. Local residents were engaged in trade, fishing, crafts and arts. In Tanais there was the only glass production in the Northern Black Sea region. It was probably from here that noble fish - sturgeon and sterlet - were delivered to Rome, to the table of the patricians. Moreover, they brought her alive: Roman aristocrats could afford such a pleasure. Representatives of various nations lived here - Greeks, Jews, Sarmatians, Maeotians. However, judging by archaeological material, the city quickly erased ethnic differences. A Tanaisian style of life was taking shape, as evidenced by the special cult of the Most High God that existed among the townspeople. This God was similar at the same time to Zeus, the Jewish Yahweh, and the Thracian Sabazius. In addition, representatives of the local nobility - merchants, aristocrats, officials - were members of fias, a kind of religious-social unions. Today, from ancient times, only the names of people, members of these unions, which were inscribed on marble slabs, call to us
At the end of the 3rd century, Tanais suffered a new misfortune. This time it was destroyed almost to the ground, and the women and children were taken into slavery. Residents returned here almost a hundred years later, and then not for long. These were completely different people who did not master fine crafts and had no idea about architecture. They didn’t even bother to clear away the rubble on the streets, so they lived among the ruins. No written evidence of that era has survived.
But the last townspeople left at the beginning of the 5th century. Tanais was completely empty. It is possible that the reason is simple: the sea receded and the city lost the strategic benefits of its position.
For domestic archaeologists specializing in ancient monuments, this long-lost ancient city has long become iconic and legendary. Many famous scientists began their scientific careers at excavations in Tanais. To understand and measure this place, you need to be a historian. But to feel it, it’s enough just to visit these places and look at the fruits of the labors of several generations of archaeologists.
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Nedvigovka village, Rostov region, Myasnikovsky district
Despite the fact that my visit to this ancient city at the mouth of the Don River was already 10 months ago, I still decided to post a few photos, as I love the Don region. But first things first
Rostov-on-Don, early June 2011. As usual: photography of the city and on the railway, first vacation on the beaches of Levberdon, night walks around the city..... - beauty! But...Then I noticed that I had not visited a single attraction of the Don region, except for Rostov-on-Don itself. But they exist: the city of Azov, the village of Starocherkasskaya - the birthplace of Ataman Matvey Platov, and now a museum-reserve, as well as the Tanais museum-reserve - an ancient city (3rd century BC - 5th century AD) at the mouth of the river Don. It was the latter that we decided to visit.
At 15.10 I already boarded the Rostov-Taganrog electric train. Last year, I already went in this direction, albeit with the goal of swimming in the waters of the Taganrog Bay, and now my goal is the Tanais Museum-Reserve. At 15.30 the electric train set off. From Rostov to Tanais it’s only an hour’s journey, but what a place. No, in general, the first 20-30 minutes are basically nothing special - ordinary areas of Rostov with rural-type houses, farmsteads, however, after the Khapra station the beautiful expanses of the Don River delta begin.
Safyanovo, Martynovo, Nedvigovka... and finally the Tanais stopping area. I get off the electric train and try to find my way. The Tanais Museum-Reserve is located near the village of Nedvigovka, and if something happens, there is someone to ask how to get to this ancient city, but I didn’t have to, the first road led me to the gates of the museum-reserve
Entrance to the museum from the railway side
A small reminder for visitors to Tanais
And here I am on the territory of the ancient city. Having passed through the gate, I almost immediately find myself in the western city district
A few photos and a little from the history of the ancient city.
Actually, walking on masonry, jumping on them, etc. and so on. It’s impossible, after all, this is a story that the earth has kept for many centuries. However, I will allow myself to take one photo inside, carefully going around the masonry and going down inside the ancient estate
In the last photo, in addition to the ruins, the Dead Donets, one of the branches of the Don River is clearly visible, and further beyond the horizon another branch, after 8-12 kilometers these branches will flow into the waters of the Taganrog Bay
But alas, in 15 minutes there is a return electric train to Rostov. The visit to the Tanais Museum-Reserve is over. Finally, a few more words. For a long time, nothing was known about these places, and only during the time of Alexander I they first learned about it. Excavations near Nedvigovka continued later, but only in 1955 a large expedition was organized, a thorough study of these places was carried out, and in 1961 Tanais was declared a museum-reserve.
I definitely recommend everyone who, by the will of fate, finds themselves on the territory of the Don Territory to visit here. And when I return to these parts, I will go to another place, which I will definitely tell you about visiting.
Tanais on the Russian River
The city received its name from the great river Don (Tanais), at the mouth of which it was located. Don and Tana/Tanais are forms of one word, which, judging by the Iranian and ancient Indian languages, once meant “river” among the Aryans. Another ancient name of the Don - Sinu (reinterpreted as Blue Water in the Middle Ages) also has analogues in Sanskrit: Sind, Sindhu - also means “river”. The word “Don” is also included in the names of other rivers in Eastern Europe (Dnieper - Danapr, Danube), but only the Don was simply called “River”. In the early Middle Ages - the Russian River (the same name was sometimes attributed to the Volga).
Tanais is probably one of the most mysterious cities in the Azov-Black Sea region. It is unknown who founded it. Rumor attributes this act to the Bosporans, but... it turns out that the city, which existed since the 3rd century. BC e., was not initially subordinate to Panticapaeum. He entered the Bosporan kingdom only after the war at the turn of the century. e., when it was devastated by the troops of King Polemon (a protégé of Rome, soon overthrown by his citizens).
If we keep the thesis “Tanais is Hellenistic city", then a strange conclusion follows from this: early Tanais was "independent Greek political body opposing to those around barbaric tribes" 148. But how long would such an “independent organism,” cut off from its base, be able to “resist” - or would it be immediately swept away by a strong Sarmatian state?
Let's figure out whether it is even possible to apply such bold terms as “Greek” or “Hellenistic” city to Tanais.
In its appearance and type of development, Tanais differs little from other cities on the Black and Azov Sea coasts of the ancient era. But this doesn’t mean anything: after all, Naples, the capital of the Crimean Scythians, looks the same. What special, characteristic did the excavations of Tanais yield? First of all, it is ceramics. Numerous amphorae of the Greek type were discovered - both imported from the Bosporus and local ones. But the household utensils of the townspeople, found in large quantities, were different, representing handmade ceramics. This molded pottery (hemispherical in shape, like a pot and a regular jug with a tapering neck) was of local origin. The same ceramics were common in the Bosporan kingdom (in Panticapaeum, Phanagoria, Tiritaka, Myrmekia) 149.
The same Bosporan molded ceramics finds analogies in the North Caucasus, the Kuban region, and the Lower Volga region. The same applies to the “grey-clay polished” ceramics of the late Tanais: it is widespread in the Don region, and in the Kuban region, and in the Volga region, and in the Dnieper region, in the North-Western Crimea and in Olbia (according to D. B. Shelov). Modeled ceramics belonged to the local, “barbarian” population. Another thing is clear: it was widespread in the “habitat of the Sarmatians.” In any other case, the conclusion would be drawn: MOLDED CERAMICS OF TANAIS AND OTHER AZOV-BLACK SEA CITIES BELONGED TO THE SARMATIANS. But not this: “To draw any conclusions about the connection between molded ceramics and a certain ethnic group of the population at the present time prematurely… Let us note that the most common types of Tanais vessels find analogies over a very large territory and therefore cannot be associated with any specific ethnic group” 150.
Still would! If in this case the “ceramic criterion” that archaeologists are so fond of referring to was applied (household utensils serve as a clear identifier of ethnicity), it would turn out that all the supposedly “Greek” North Pontic cities were in fact entirely populated... by Sarmatians! It turns out that very big the territory is covered with Sarmatian molded ceramics (what can you do: Russia is so big). There are too many cities in this area. And it is too reminiscent of Sarmatian molded ceramics of the 2nd–3rd centuries. n. e. Slavic, such as it is known in the early Middle Ages.
It is not without interest to find out what kind of people lived in Tanais and why they sculpted “Sarmatian” ceramics. The inhabitants of Tanais were divided into two groups, called "Hellenes" and "Tanaites", and each of them was ruled by its own archons. But it has been established that the differences between these two groups were not ethnic in nature. Apparently, both townspeople were Sarmatians, since even “the Hellenic archons themselves sometimes bore non-Greek names and probably came from among the Hellenized native nobility” 151. Most likely, the citizens of Tanais were called Hellenes, who included themselves in the field of Greek culture - unlike their brothers who remained faithful to the ancient foundations.
The famous slab of Tryphon, found in Tanais, can give an idea of who the “Archons of the Hellenes” really were. Judging by the Greek inscription, the slab depicts a certain “Tryphon, son of Andromenes.” But " despite the Greek name, it is undoubtedly Sarmatian... Dressed in a plate armor, with a helmet on his head, Tryphon sits half-turned on his horse, holding a long and heavy spear at the ready with both hands... One might think that this plate was embedded in the masonry of the tower itself or the defensive wall adjacent to it, and that Tryphon took part in construction of these fortifications" 152.
We add that names like Tryphon or Andromen can hardly be considered borrowed from the Greeks. It is well known that names of this type (the same “Tryphon”, names with “andr” - Andrey, Alexander) have long been popular in Rus'. If we recall that the Dorian elite of ancient Greece had a northern, Danube-Black Sea origin, then a big question arises: wasn’t the “nominal set” characteristic of them originally brought to Greece from the banks of the Don? Didn't the Greek and Meoto-Sarmatian Azov names belong to the same tradition? (Correct observation. Most of the “Greek”, “Jewish”, “Roman” names are actually included in the listed secondary pseudo-ethnic formations by the Rus - for example, Ivan is by no means from “Iohanaan” - both are from the pronoun “he, en”, which gave the original form “yan” - “yan, ian, joann”, etc.; also Anna, Yana - comes from the pronoun “she” - dialectal “ena, yana” The original names of the Russians, introduced into the isolated and peripheral ethnic groups, later. , in the Middle Ages, returned to us in a distorted form - such that we often do not recognize them. And this is no wonder, few people even now can recognize the Russian Ivanko in the anglicized “Ivanhoe”, and Yarun in the Arabic “Harun ar-Rashid”. from Rus' or, more precisely, Yarun Rusid - Yarun the son of Rus, although everyone knows that “Russia” and “Rosh” are Russia, Rus', and, say, Zeus Kronid is Zeus the son of Kron. Confused by Russophobic political strategists and charlatans from historical science. , sometimes we don’t see the obvious - Note Yu. D. Petukhova.)
Late Scythian settlements and residential complexes
It is possible to check whether there were real Hellenes in Tanais or not. The answer to this question is provided by anthropological research 153 . They identified two types of population in the city: 1) “long-headed Caucasoid with a narrow and short face” and 2) “short-headed Caucasian with a somewhat flattened face.” The second type, as established, is purely Sarmatian (similar to Siberian). Maybe the first one is Greek? But when comparing it with ancient Greek, “the difference is clearly visible.” But the first type of inhabitants of Tanais shows great similarities with the indigenous population of the Azov region - with the Sindians and Meotians. The local origin is also indicated by the burial ritual of people of the first type - crouched burials, a ritual that developed in Southern Russia back in the Stone Age. Of course, it was not the Greeks who were buried in this way, but the indigenous inhabitants of the Lower Don region.
Studies of the necropolis of Tanais did not find any slabs with images of the deceased and inscriptions, usual for Greek burials. All features - dugout coffins-decks, burial mounds - are of local, Meoto-Sarmatian origin 154. (The same features of burials were also characteristic of the Slavs of the early Middle Ages...) The ritual of cremation, which was sometimes found in Tanais in the first centuries of its existence, should not be attributed to the influence of the Greeks. Among the indigenous inhabitants of the Eastern Azov and Black Sea region, the Meotians (as opposed to the purely steppe Sarmatians), this ritual was maintained from ancient times until the early Middle Ages, as evidenced by sources of the 10th century.
The ancient clothing of the Tanaitians has not been preserved, but its metal parts - fasteners (the so-called brooches) have remained. These brooches have long served archaeologists as a “trace”, unmistakably indicating the path of movement of peoples. Early, even 2nd–1st centuries. BC e., the type of Tanais brooches are the so-called spring brooches. Archaeologists find them in cities “with a highly barbarized population (Naples, Tanais) or on the barbarian periphery of ancient centers (Kuban, Azov region).” Greek brooches in the Northern Black Sea region are “very poorly known from archaeological materials”! 155 If we remove useless and completely unscientific expressions such as “barbarians” and “barbarian periphery”, then this phrase means: THE ANCIENT POPULATION OF TANAIS WERE THE SCYTHIANS AND SARMATIANS - THE SAME WHO LIVED IN THE CRIMEA, IN THE AZOV REGION, IN THE KUBAN.
The conclusion is simple. THERE WERE NO GREEKS AT ALL IN TANAIS. There were almost no permanent merchants. There is every reason to believe that TANAIS WAS FOUNDED BY THE SARMATIANS AND AT THE FIRST TIME WAS DIRECTLY PART OF THE SARMATIAN STATE. Therefore, sources do not mention before the 1st century. n. e. about his subordination to the Bosporus.
Finds of flint tools “testify to the emergence of a settlement on the site of Tanais long before the formation of the city here.” The wedge-shaped stone hatchet dates back to the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. e. “This find indicates the PRESENCE OF LIFE AT THE SITE OF TANAIS AT ALL TIMES SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE BRONZE AGE” 156.
It turns out that Tanais did not arise in the Sarmatian era, but had a more ancient tradition. It was not “founded”, but developed into a city due to natural causes from an ancient settlement. So ancient that its roots go back to the “proto-Aryan” era.
Tanais is amazing not only for its deep antiquity, but also for its long-distance connections. Glass vessels of good quality were discovered in the city. They were made right there, on the spot, but had a distinct and well-known “Cologne type” in late antiquity (III–IV centuries). The main centers for the production of glass of this type were in the Rhine Valley; From there there was export throughout the Roman Empire, Central and Northern Europe.
A workshop producing “Cologne glass” was discovered in the Bakhchisarai area. There is local production based on foreign models; “It is possible that visiting glassblowers worked in Tanais” 157. Obviously, there were direct connections with Germany.
On Germany as a source of cultural “innovations” in the Lower Don and in the Black Sea-Azov region of the 3rd–4th centuries. fibulae also indicate. VI–III centuries n. e. Tanais brooches resembled those forms characteristic of the Northern Black Sea region in general and the Bosporan kingdom in particular (it was at this time that Tanais became part of the Bosporus). And in the 3rd century. n. e. There was a change in the type of brooches: their analogues are found in the south-eastern Baltic region, the Lower Vistula culture, Slovakia, Moravia, and the Elbe. The same thing was observed throughout the North Pontic zone - judging by the finds in Crimea, brooches of Central European shapes were made locally and not imported.
“Cologne” glass and Baltic-Germanic brooches appeared in Tanais in the first half of the 3rd century. n. e., when the Gothic Empire arose in the Black Sea region. This state, founded by a dynasty from Scandinavia, was formed by the forces of the Central European Vends. Archeology confirms this: both glass and brooches point to Germany rather than Scandinavia as the source of cultural influence ( Vendian Germany at the beginning of the century. e. was not German speaking).
It is known from sources that an alliance has advanced towards Tanais Heruli, which medieval sources identified with Gavolians, one of the Slavic-Vendish peoples of Northern Germany 158. Since the Tanais brooches were quite different from the Black Sea, actually “Gothic” ones, it is clear that they were precisely “Herulian” 159.
On the other hand, in Tanais III–IV centuries. Brooches of the Eastern Sarmatian type are also found. During this era, the city was located on the border of two large state formations - the Gothic Empire of the Black Sea region, formed by the “Germanic” Vends, and the Volga-Don kingdom, founded by the Sarmatian Alans. The proximity of the Gothic empire became fatal for Tanais. Around 250 AD e. the city was destroyed, obviously, during the Gothic-Alan wars. After the pogrom, the city was restored in the 330s and finally died at the end of the 4th century. as a result of the invasion of the Huns. A number of sources mention the fall of Tanais. In some of them he appears under a different name. Byzantine, Arab and Persian authors testify to the city of “RUSSIA”, which stood at the mouth of the Don and was destroyed by the Goths and Huns 160. Apparently, this was the city of Tanais, which had a second name, the same as Tanais, Don - Russian River.
City races of warriors on chariots. Silver dish from a Scythian burial mound. In Tavria, the influence of the so-called “Greek” diaspora was especially noticeable. Among the Scythians, like Skilos, there were many adherents of the “Greek” fashion. They ordered utensils from artisans of the “Greek” diaspora. But to conclude from this that the Black Sea cities were “Greek colonies” is absurd. For example, let’s say that if archaeologists of the distant future find artifacts marked “made in China” on the site of Moscow, this does not mean that Moscow was a Chinese colony
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From the book 1941. The defeat of the Western Front author Egorov Dmitry7.3. Actions of the troops of the 10th Army Fighting on the Bobr River in the area of the Osovets fortress Breakthrough by the enemy of the defense of the 13th Mechanized Corps and the 86th Infantry Division on the Narew River Behind the left flank of the 3rd Army, the divisions of the 1st Corps of the 10th Army were partially on previous boundaries. On
From the book The Conquest of America by Ermak-Cortez and the Rebellion of the Reformation through the eyes of the “ancient” Greeks author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich35. It turns out that the “ancient” Roman emperor Constantine the Great fought on the Russian Kama River. According to the Scaligerian version, Emperor Constantine I fought in the Mediterranean, in Western Europe, but never visited Rus'. And in any case, he never supposedly fought,
From the book Book 2. The Rise of the Kingdom [Empire. Where did Marco Polo actually travel? Who are the Italian Etruscans? Ancient Egypt. Scandinavia. Rus'-Horde n author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich26. Smolensk Suzdal Tanais Tanakvisl Tartarariki Trakia = Turkia = Turkey Finland Chernigov The Scandinavians give the following identifications: Russian city SMOLENSK = * = SMALESKIA (Scandinavian SMALESKJA), p. 38.Russian city SUZDAL = * = SURDALAR (Scandinavian SURDALAR), p. 38 = * =
From the book Scythians: the rise and fall of a great kingdom author Gulyaev Valery Ivanovich There will be no Third Millennium from the book. Russian history of playing with humanity author Pavlovsky Gleb Olegovich155. Soviet reality was Russian. There may not be a second Russian reality - A primitive thought, not at all original. About the parallel in a person, which sets tasks for itself, prepares for something, often anticipating what will happen next. And second -
From the book Three Million Years BC author Matyushin Gerald Nikolaevich4.1. On the Omo River 4.1.1. Again about the killers You can study Olduvai alone for many decades, but know nothing about all the fossils of Africa. And Louis Leakey understood this well. Therefore, he worked not only in Olduvai, but also in other places. So, back in 1932-1955. he led excavations on the island of Rizinta
From the book Archaeological travels around Tyumen and its environs author Matveev Alexander VasilievichOn the border river Having arrived at the dispensary of the shipbuilding plant on Pyshma, we pass through an island of pine forest smelling of resin and enter a flowering meadow. Everything around is well-groomed, the corner of the forest surrounding the beautiful bend of the river has been carefully preserved. Let's get closer to
From the book of the Macedonian the Russes were defeated [Eastern Campaign of the Great Commander] author Novgorodov Nikolay SergeevichKipchak steppes, Tanais, raid into Europe The fact that Alexander was in the Kipchak steppes can be seen in Arrian and Curtius Rufus. The key point in this issue is the localization of the Tanais River, on which Alexander fought with the Scythians, destroyed seven of their cities and built
From the book Russian Explorers - the Glory and Pride of Rus' author Glazyrin Maxim YurievichA black day in the Russian chronicle. Thieves' deal for the sale of the 3rd part of Russian America (Alaska) 1867, April 9. The agreement on the cession of the remaining part of Russian America (Alaska) was supported almost unanimously in the US Congress. Still would! To give up these beautiful and rich
From the book Mission of Russia. National doctrine author Valtsev Sergey Vitalievich§ 1. Formation of the Russian nation and Russian statehood In heaven - God, on earth - Russia. Serbian proverb The beginning of the state The first archaeological cultures known today, the ancestors of the Russian people - the Eastern Slavs, arose in the 1st–2nd millennium BC
what river was called Tanais?
Alternative descriptionsIn Celtic mythology, Welsh ancestor goddess, "mother of the gods" (mythical)
Head of the Italian mafia clan
Georgian letter
Star River for movie star Elina Bystritskaya
Spanish sir
Name of the periodical
Respectful address to a man in Spain
River in Russia flowing into the Sea of Azov
The river sung by M. Sholokhov
Pushkin's verse
Titled river
Appeal to the Spaniard
The novel by American writer Mario Puzo "The Last..."
On which river is the English city of Sheffield located?
On what river is the city of Konstantinovsk located?
On what river is the city of Lebedyan located?
On what river is the city of Liski located?
On what river is the city of Novovoronezh located?
On what river is the city of Pavlovsk in the Voronezh region located?
On what river is the city of Semikarakorsk located?
On what river is the city of Semiluki located?
On what river is the city of Serafimovich located?
On the bank of which river is the city of Epifan located?
Say “river” in the Iranian language
Opera by Russian composer I. I. Dzerzhinsky “Quiet...”
What river is Sheffield on?
This river made the 1965 Nobel laureate famous
River in Russia
Quiet river Sholokhov
Quixote
Address to a nobleman in Italy
River in the European part of the Russian Federation
River, the cradle of the Russian Cossacks
The river along which a young Cossack walked
Place of a young Cossack's walk
Poem by Pushkin
River in southern Russia
Federal highway of Russia
Knight... Quixote
Mister Spaniard
Khoper is a tributary of this river
Khoper - its tributary
River of the young Cossack
Juan, Carlos or Quixote
Nobleman in Italy
. "quiet" river
A young Cossack walks along it
Mikhail Sholokhov: “Quiet...”
Spanish gentleman
River of Russian Cossacks
Monsieur in Spanish
Spanish sir
Monsieur Spaniard
A young Cossack was walking there
On what river is Azov located?
There is no issue from it
River in Sholokhov's novel
Sholokhovsky is quiet
River of the Pope City
River flowing into the Sea of Azov
Cossack River
Chief mafioso
Cossack River in Russia
River in Laos
Pan from Madrid
Appeal to Corleone
Cesar de Bazan
River in the Rostov region
Respectful address to a man in Spain
River in Russia
Buryat writer (1905-1938, “Moon in Eclipse”)