Countries and regions by oil reserves. Countries of the world rich in oil reserves. Oil production and consumption by country

World statistics cannot confidently answer the question “how much oil is there in the world.” Therefore, research results and expert opinion are always called into question. This is due to the fact that currently only 25 percent of the world's oil fields are being developed.

Research results show that the world reserve is significantly reduced; analytical examinations prove that the reserve is approximately 1,700 billion barrels. This share will provide humanity for only forty years.

The statistics presented in the article are current as of the end of 2016. The ranking of countries producing the largest amounts of black energy has remained virtually unchanged over the past ten years.

Three leaders controlling the largest reserves

Oil fields are often the cause of many conflict situations between countries. For example, African countries are arguing over oil-rich territory, Libya has conflicting interests with Nigeria, Cameroon with Chad, and there are more than twenty similar disputes.

Latin American states have more than eight conflicts over oil fields, and there are also controversial issues in Europe and the Middle East.

• Venezuela– produces just over three percent of the world. Experts estimate that oil in Venezuela will run out no sooner than in 120 years. The country's oil potential is more than 290 billion barrels or 17% of world reserves. However, the oil of the Latin country has its own characteristics - it is heavier and more difficult to extract. The country ranks tenth in the world in oil production.
• Saudi Arabia- the main extractor and producer of the world's oil potential. Oil reserves are more than 265 billion barrels(more than 15% of the world). According to experts, the oil fields in the state will currently provide the country with fuel for more than eighty years. Arabia is the largest producer and supplier of black gold.
• Canada– the share of oil reserves in the country is over 173 billion barrels(more than 10%) mainly due to hard-to-recover oil from sands. The profitability of producing such oil is approaching $90 per barrel. Canadian companies are the main suppliers of oil to America.

The potential of “black gold” in other countries

Most states spend very impressive sums, tens of billions of dollars annually, on the development of oil fields.

• Iran– produces about 4% of the world's oil resources. However, according to researchers, Iran's black gold reserves may run out in seventy years. Iran's share is more than 150 billion barrels (about 9%). Production in the country has been growing since sanctions were lifted and could grow even more in the coming years.
• Iraq. Iraq's largest field, Rumaila, accounts for the majority of the country's production. Iraq's reserves account for about 150 billion barrels, more than 8% of the world's total.
• Russian Federation– produces about 12.5% ​​of oil, having 6% of the world's proven reserves. Experts' forecasts for the availability of oil are disappointing; Russian oil from present deposits may run out within twenty-five years. One of the reasons for this period is considered to be unreasonable government policy. Despite this, the Russian share is 89 billion barrels. However, it is worth considering that Russia still has a lot of hidden reserves - in the Arctic (according to experts, about 90 billion barrels), as well as in shale formations (about 75 billion barrels of recoverable reserves). Developing tight oil reserves requires large investments and high oil prices. The state's economy is mainly built on the export of produced gas and oil.
• Kuwait- about 6% of the world's deposits. Just like in the UAE, oil production can last for about a hundred years. Kuwait's potential is 101 billion barrels.
• United Arab Emirates– the share of the world is comparable to Kuwait - about 6%. Research shows that oil production in Arab fields can last for more than a hundred years. The country holds about 97 billion barrels. Despite the growth of global tourism in this country, much of the economy is supported by energy production and resource extraction.
• USA– produce about 12% of oil, but own only 3%. Moreover, America's oil reserves may run out in the next ten years. The share of oil potential is 34 billion barrels of traditional oil and about 60 billion more of shale oil. America is the second country in the world in terms of consumption of natural energy resources. Moreover, its consumption accounts for more than twenty-five percent of the global level. Due to the introduction of new technologies, the country is increasing shale oil production.

Percentage distribution of world reserves confirmed by analysts and researchers in this field. The remaining countries involved in oil development and supply account for about twelve percent of the world's reserves.

The world's total reserves are approximately 1.7 trillion barrels However, actual reserves may be much larger, due to still unexplored deposits - mainly shale oil, as well as on the shelf.

Countries with relatively small oil reserves

• Libya– the share of oil potential is 3%, although forecasts state that oil production in Libyan fields can be carried out for about sixty years. Proven oil reserves are 47 billion barrels. Libya is in 4th position in gas and oil development on the African continent. The country's economy is based on oil production and exports, which accounts for more than ninety percent of the treasury.
• Nigeria– the country’s share of oil is just over two percent. Nigeria's current oil reserves will run out in 35 years. The potential is about 37 billion barrels. The country is very dependent on the export of black gold - about 80-90% of all budget revenues. The state has the largest deposits on the African continent.
• Kazakhstan– the amount of oil reserves is thirty billion barrels(1.8% of world reserves). After gaining independence, Kazakhstan began to attract global investors. At the same time, the flow of foreign investment into the state’s oil industry has increased significantly.
• Qatar. Natural raw materials in Qatar are extracted from large deposits. The oil industry's potential is more than 25 billion barrels. Reliability in the oil industry ensures the prosperity of the state. Qatar is in fourth place among countries in the ranking for supplies of dry blue fuel.
• China– produces more than 200 million tons at its fields. oil per year. Market share - 5%. Residual reserves in the depths of China 18.5 billion barrels(about 1% of the world). The most populous country has the fastest growing economy. China is the world's leading energy consumer. Every year companies increase the production of natural fuels, but still the main source of energy for China is coal.
• Algeria– the share of global potential is 0,7% (just over twelve billion barrels). A major producer and extractor, Algeria is in second position among African oil production states. The state parliament attracts investment by reducing taxes for developers of the gas industry and fields.
• India– the share of oil potential is five and a half billion barrels. Fourth place in consumption and import of natural fuel. At the moment, the state is not able to satisfy the need for energy resources within the country. The country's priority has been to increase fuel reserves.
• Australia– 3.8 billion barrels. The continental country attracts global mining companies with its political stability and proximity to Asian countries. The influx of cash from foreign companies has a positive effect on field development. The continent is rich in uranium reserves.

Geographical distribution of oil industry reserves

According to statistics over the past ten years, the Middle and Near East have seen the largest increase. In these areas, oil reserves have increased by one and a half times.

Canada and the South of North America are in second place in the development of oil fields.

Educational information

The absurdity of the situation in the Russian Federation still dismays some analysts. The country with the highest oil production has an inflated cost of gasoline and diesel fuel. However, if we take oil production per capita, Russia is far from the leading position.

In countries whose main budget depends on the oil industry, for example, the United Arab Emirates, the price of gasoline does not exceed six rubles, but per capita oil in such countries is much more than in Russia. It turns out that 60 percent of the price for gasoline consists of various fees, excises and taxes.

Recently, the topic of oil production has gained great popularity in Russian society. Disputes about how much the country produces, and what the black reserves are in Russia and the world, do not subside. Some politicians even call the Russian Federation a petrocarbon superpower. But is this really so?

A detailed study of the actual oil deposits in the world reveals a completely different picture. Russia is not even among the 5 countries with the largest oil fields. The largest amount of black gold is found in Venezuela, followed by Saudi Arabia, followed by Canada, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and the UAE. Russia occupies an honorable 8th place with a reserve of about 80 billion barrels, which corresponds to 5% of world oil reserves.

Thus, we can with a high probability answer the question that is often discussed by both officials and ordinary people: what will happen on the world oil market if Russia stops supplying black gold due to a trade embargo caused by economic sanctions or due to other reasons? And the answer is quite simple: the world oil market will not undergo major changes; the missing amount of oil will very quickly be compensated by increasing its production by other countries.

TOP 30 countries in the world with the largest oil reserves in 2019

The world's proven oil reserves amount to about 140 billion tons. The largest part of the world's reserves - about 64% - is located in the Near and Middle East. America ranks second, accounting for about 15%.

The richest countries in oil are Saudi Arabia (25% of proven world reserves), Iraq (10.8%), UAE (9.3%), Kuwait (9.2%), Iran (8.6%) and Venezuela ( 7.3%) - all of them are members of OPEC, which accounts for about 78% of world reserves. Proven reserves of the CIS countries, including Russia, are about 6% of the world, the USA - about 3%, Norway - about 1%.

However, it is worth remembering that the figures given relate only to proven oil reserves, and do not include forecast and estimated data on their value. In addition, with the development of oil exploration and oil production technologies, geological exploration makes it possible to provide an increasingly accurate assessment of even the most inaccessible oil deposits, etc. Inventory levels are constantly being adjusted.

Largest oil producers

Norway

Saudi Arabia

In 2000, world oil production amounted to about 3.56 billion tons, which is almost 4% more than the same figure for 1999. The largest increases in production from major oil producing countries were observed in Russia (7.1%), Norway (6.6%), Iraq (6.2%) and Saudi Arabia (7.2%). At the same time, oil production in the United States decreased by 1%.

Iran's proven oil reserves account for about 9% of the world's total, or 12 billion tons. Currently, the country produces about 3.7 million barrels of oil per day with a daily consumption of about 1.1 million barrels. The main importers of Iranian oil are Japan, South Korea, Great Britain and China.

The main oil fields in Iran are Ghajaran, Marun, Awaz Banjistan, Agha Jhari, Raj-e Safid and Pars. About 1 million bpd is extracted from offshore oil fields, the largest of which are Dorud-1, Dorud-2, Salman, Abuzar and Forozan. In the future, the Iranian Ministry of Oil plans large-scale development and development of existing offshore fields.

Iran occupies an exceptionally advantageous position from a geopolitical and strategic point of view for laying out oil transportation routes, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of delivering raw materials to world markets.

The country's oil refining capacity is about 200 thousand tons of oil per day. The main oil refineries are Abadan (65 thousand t/d), Isfahan (34 thousand t/d), Bandar Abbas (30 thousand t/d) and Tehran (29 thousand t/d).

Iran's oil and gas industries are under complete state control. The state oil company - National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC - National Iranian Oil Company) conducts exploration and development of oil and gas fields, processes and transports raw materials and petroleum products. The resolution of petrochemical production issues is entrusted to the National Petrochemical Company (NPC - National Petrochemical Company).

Iraq ranks second in the world in terms of proven oil reserves, second only to Saudi Arabia. The volume of proven oil reserves in Iraq is about 15 billion tons, and predicted - 29.5 billion.

Iraq currently has no production quota. Its oil exports are regulated by UN sanctions that were imposed after the Gulf War in 1991. The UN Oil-for-Food program aims to provide the country with food and medicine, as well as pay reparations. Currently, Iraq's oil production is 1.5-2 million bpd. However, if UN sanctions are lifted, it can reach a production level of 3 million bpd within one year, and in 3-5 years - to 3.5 million bpd. The level of daily oil consumption in the country is about 600 thousand bpd. When its pipelines are fully loaded, Iraq is capable of exporting 1.4-2.4 million bpd.

The country's main fields are Majnun with proven reserves of about 2.7 billion tons of oil and West Qurna - 2 billion. The most promising reserves are also found in the East Baghdad (1.5 billion tons) and Kirkuk (1.4 billion tons) fields.

The main oil producing company in the country is the Iraqi State Oil Company (Irag National Oil Company), and autonomously operating companies are subordinate to it:

State Company for Oil Projects (SCOP), responsible for work related to the development of upstream (oil exploration and production) and downstream (transportation, marketing and sales) projects;

Oil Exploration Company (OEC), responsible for exploration and geophysical work;

State Organization for Oil Marketing (SOMO), engaged in oil trading, in particular, responsible for relations with OPEC;

Iragi Oil Tankers Company (IOTC) is a tanker transport company;

Northern (Northern Oil Company - NOC) and Southern (Southern Oil Company - SOC) oil companies.

Mexico is one of the largest oil producers in the world, its proven oil reserves are estimated at 4 billion tons. In terms of production volume, which is now about 3.5 million b/d, Mexico has overtaken Venezuela and rightfully occupies a leading position in Latin America. About half of the country's oil production is exported, primarily to the United States.

More than half of the oil is produced offshore in the Bay of Campeche.

An important achievement of the oil industry was the rapid development of the oil refining and petrochemical industries, which today are the main branches of the Mexican manufacturing industry. The main refineries are located on the Gulf Coast. In recent years, along with the old centers - Reynosa, Ciudad Madero, Poza Rica, Minatitlan - new ones have been put into operation - Monterrey, Salina Cruz, Tula, Cadereyta.

According to the 1993 Foreign Investment Law, exclusive rights to explore and develop oil fields in the country are retained by the state, and primarily by the state-owned company Pemex. Pemex operates the Mexican Petroleum Institute, which conducts research work.

Norway

Norway's proven oil reserves are estimated at 1.4 billion tons and are the largest among Western European countries. The daily level of oil production reaches 3.4 million barrels. Of these, about 3 million b/d are exported.

Most of Norway's oil is produced from offshore fields in the North Sea.

The country's largest fields are Statfjord, Oseberg, Galfax and Ekofisk. The last major discoveries by geologists were the Norn field, discovered in 1991 in the Norwegian Sea, and the Donatello field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea.

The dominant oil company in the country is state-owned Statoil, founded in 1973. In November 1998, Statoil signed a cooperation agreement (NOBALES) with companies such as Saga Petroleum, Elf Aquitaine, Agip, Norsk Hidro and Mobil, providing for joint work in the Barents Sea. In addition, the country has a private oil and gas group, Saga Petroleum, with Saga currently operating in fields such as Snorr, Vigdis, Thordis and Varg. In early September, Saga signed an agreement with the National Iranian Oil Company to conduct exploration work in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. In addition, Saga is working in Libya (Mabrouk field) and Namibia (Lüderitz basin).

The United Arab Emirates' proven oil reserves account for about 10% of the world's - about 13.5 billion tons. Daily oil production exceeds 2.3 million barrels, of which about 2.2 million are exported. The UAE's main oil importers are Southeast Asian countries, with Japan accounting for about 60% of the UAE's oil exports.

Most of the country's reserves are concentrated in the emirate of Abu Dhabi. The main oil fields are: in Abu Dhabi - Asab, Beb, Bu Hasa; to Dubai - Fallah, Fateh, Southwestern Fateh; to Rashid Sharjah - Mubarak. The UAE's oil refining capacity is about 39.3 thousand tons per day. The country's main oil refineries are Ruwayz and Um al-Nar 2.

The UAE oil industry is controlled by the country's government. The state-owned Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) includes oil production, service and transportation companies.

Proven oil reserves in Russia amount to about 6.6 billion tons, or 5% of world reserves.

The volume of oil production in the Russian Federation in 2001 amounted to 348 million tons or 10% of the world production level, of which 147 million tons were exported. It should be noted that now Russia, together with the CIS countries, is restoring oil production volumes to the extent that existed in the former Soviet Union. In 1987, oil production in the USSR reached 12.6 million b/d (about 540 million tons per year), which accounted for almost 20% of world production, with a daily export volume of 3.7 million b/d (159 million . t per year) - 15% of total exports from OPEC. Between 1990 and 1996, oil production in Russia decreased by 40%, and in 1998 it reached its minimum - 6.2 million bpd (266 million tons per year), which amounted to 8.3 % of global production level. Oil exports in 1998 amounted to 2.3 million bpd (about 100 million tons per year) - 7.5% of total exports from OPEC. The restoration of the domestic oil industry began in 1999. As a result of the economic crisis that occurred in Russia in 1998 and the subsequent devaluation of the ruble, oil production costs significantly decreased, which, coupled with high prices on the world oil market, sharply increased the attractiveness of investments in the oil business: only in 2000, the volume of capital investments in the industry amounted to 129.1 billion rubles, which is 2.6 times higher than in 1999. Today, Russia is one of the largest oil producers in the world; in terms of production volumes, it ranks third after Saudi Arabia and the United States. Together with other CIS countries, Russia provides about 10% of the total volume of oil supplies to the world market. However, Russia is still far from reaching the production levels of 1990: it now produces about 7 million bpd versus 10 million bpd in 1990. At the current rate of production growth, by 2005 Russia can increase its level to 8.5 million. b/d, which will amount to 11% of all oil production in the world, and the export volume will be up to 5 million b/d, or 15% of the total supply volume with OPEC countries.

The level of oil consumption in Russia is extremely low: its per capita rate is 1.8 times lower than in the countries of the European Union, 3 times lower than in Canada, and 3.5 times lower than in the United States. In terms of oil consumption, Russia is now at the level of Western Europe in the early 60s or the USA in the 20s. In quantitative terms, oil consumption in Russia is about 2.5 million b/d; by 2005 it may increase to 2.6 million b/d.

About 2,000 oil and oil and gas fields have been discovered on Russian territory, the largest of which are located on the shelf of Sakhalin, Barents, Kara and Caspian seas. Most of the proven oil reserves are concentrated in Western Siberia and the Ural Federal District. There is virtually no oil production in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. The oldest and most depleted oil production areas in Russia are the Ural-Volga region, the North Caucasus and Sakhalin Island. The deposits of Western Siberia and the Timan-Pechora region were discovered relatively recently and are at the very peak of their development. The fields of Eastern Siberia and the Far East (with the exception of Sakhalin Island), as well as the shelves of the Russian seas, are in the initial stages of development. The most promising in terms of production are the Evenki Autonomous Okrug (Yurubcheno-Takhomskaya oil and gas zone), the Republic of Sakha (Sredneobinskoye and Talakanskoye oil and gas fields), the Irkutsk region (Verkhnechonskoye oil and gas field) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Total oil production at these facilities by 2020 could reach 60 million tons per year. However, large capital investments are required to develop these resources.

Despite the decline in oil production and refining over the past decade, Russia remains one of the leading exporters of oil and petroleum products. It accounts for about 7% of global oil refining capacity. Unfortunately, this potential is not being fully realized: Russia's share in the volume of refined oil has decreased from 9% of the world volume in 1990 to 5% currently. In terms of the scale of actual oil refining, Russia has moved from second place after the United States to fourth, behind Japan and China. And in terms of consumption of petroleum products per capita, Russia is now in 14th place in the world, behind, in addition to developed countries, countries such as Nigeria. In addition, domestic refineries are very worn out, their equipment is outdated. In terms of wear and tear on fixed assets, oil refining is the leader in the domestic fuel and energy complex, with an average wear rate of 80%.

A significant obstacle for Russia to increasing its share of oil supplies to the world market is limited transportation capacity. The main main pipelines in Russia are focused on old production areas, and the transport scheme connecting new promising fields with consumers is insufficiently provided. However, as a result of the commissioning of two new pipeline systems in 2001 - the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) and the Baltic Pipeline System (BPS) - additional export routes will appear across the Baltic and Black Seas.

The Russian oil complex includes 11 large oil companies, which account for 90.8% of the total oil production in the country, and 113 small companies, whose production accounts for 9.2%. Russian oil companies carry out a full range of oil operations - from exploration, production and refining of oil to its transportation and marketing of petroleum products. The largest Russian oil companies are LUKOIL, Yukos, TNK, Surgutneftegaz, Sibneft, Tatneft, Rosneft, Slavneft and Sidanko.

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia ranks first in the world in terms of oil production, its daily level exceeds 8 million barrels. Saudi Arabia's proven oil reserves are about 35 billion tons, which is almost a quarter of the world's proven oil reserves. At the same time, oil and oil products are the country’s main export item, making it highly dependent on the main consumers (developed countries) and world oil prices. Revenues from oil exports account for about 90% of budget revenues. Saudi Arabia is the main importer of oil to the United States and Japan.

In total, there are about 77 oil and gas fields in Saudi Arabia. The largest fields are Ghawar - the world's largest onshore oil field, with reserves estimated at 9.6 billion tons of oil - and Safaniya - the world's largest offshore field with proven reserves of about 2.6 billion tons. In addition, the country is home to such large deposits as Najd, Berri, Manifa, Zuluf and Shaybakh.

The country has large oil refining capacities - about 300 thousand tons of oil per day. Major oil refineries: Aramco-Ras Tanura (41 thousand t/d), Rabigh (44.5 thousand t/d), Aramco-Mobil-Yanbu (45.5 thousand t/d), and Petromin/Shell- al-Jubail (40 thousand t/s).

The country's oil industry has been nationalized and the oil industry is governed by the Supreme Petroleum Council. The largest oil company is Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco), petrochemical - Saudi Basic Industries Corp. (SABIC).

The US is the world's largest oil consumer. The country's daily oil consumption is about 23 million barrels (or almost a quarter of the global total), with about half of the country's oil consumption coming from motor vehicles.

Over the past 20 years, the level of oil production in the United States has decreased: for example, in 1972 it was 528 million tons, in 1995 - 368 million tons, and in 2000 - only 350 million tons, which is a consequence of increased competition between American producers and importers of cheaper foreign oil. Of the 23 million b/d consumed in the United States, only 8 million b/d are produced, and the rest is imported. At the same time, the United States still ranks second in the world in terms of oil production (after Saudi Arabia). Proven oil reserves of the United States amount to about 4 billion tons (3% of world reserves).

Most of the country's explored deposits are located on the shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, as well as off the Pacific coast (California) and the shores of the Arctic Ocean (Alaska). The main mining areas are Alaska, Texas, California, Louisiana and Oklahoma. Recently, the share of oil produced on the offshore shelf, primarily in the Gulf of Mexico, has increased.

The country's largest oil corporations are Exxon Mobil and Chevron Texaco.

The main importers of oil to the United States are Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Canada, and Venezuela. The United States is highly dependent on the policies of OPEC, and that is why it is interested in an alternative source of oil, which Russia can become for them.

Largest oil consumers

U The level of world oil consumption in 2001 was about 75.8 million bpd, which is only 100 thousand bpd higher than the same figure for 2000. The low growth in consumption is associated with the economic downturn in a number of the most developed countries in the world: the USA, the Eurozone countries and Japan. The growth in consumption in 2002, according to various estimates, will be from 600 to 1,200 thousand b/d, which directly depends on the improvement of the climate in the world economy, and by 2020, according to forecasts of the American Department of Energy, global consumption will increase to 120 million b/d /With.

The main consumers of oil are developed countries, among which the United States is the undisputed leader: they account for about a quarter of world oil consumption or 24 million bpd. The USA is followed by European countries, which account for about 20% or 15.1 million b/d, and countries of the Asia-Pacific region - 11% or 8.7 million b/d. At the same time, the level of consumption in the Asia-Pacific region has grown over the past 14 years by about 3%, and in North America and Europe - by an average of only 1%. The highest consumption growth rates were observed in South Korea, Thailand, China, Indonesia and India.

The share of the countries of the former USSR in world oil consumption has decreased over the past 12 years from 13% in 1988 to 5% currently. At the same time, the former social republics turned out to be the only region of the planet where oil consumption decreased during this period: in general, over the past 12 years, its growth in the world has been recorded by 16%.

The ratio of the level of oil production and consumption in the world is a determining factor for the level of oil prices. Obviously, if oil production (supply) exceeds consumption (demand), oil prices fall, and vice versa: if consumption exceeds production, prices rise.

Below is a chart showing the dynamics of growth in oil consumption and production over the past 12 years.

Oil exporters and importers

The countries on whose territory the largest part of oil reserves are located and which are the main producers of oil (with the exception of the United States) are for the most part underdeveloped, with low levels of energy consumption. That. They can export the surplus of extracted raw materials. Developed countries, whose oil needs significantly exceed its production, are the main importers of oil.

OPEC countries account for about 40% of world supplies to the oil market. The share of CIS countries (including Russia) of the total volume of supplies by independent manufacturers is about 17%. The total volume of oil supplies to the world market is about 1.9 billion tons.

World petroleum products market

The main producers of petroleum products are the USA (about 24% of the total oil refining volume in the world), Japan (6%), China (5.2%) and Russia (4.8%). The global volume of petroleum products produced annually reaches 3.4 billion tons.

The largest exporters of petroleum products are Holland, Russia, Singapore, USA, Saudi Arabia, Korea, Venezuela and Kuwait, and importers are the USA, Japan, Germany, Holland, Singapore and France. The volume of the petroleum products market is about 700 million tons per year.

It is interesting that countries such as the USA, Holland, Singapore and China are both exporters and importers of raw materials: they import products of primary oil refining and then carry out deeper processing, the products of which are exported.

In terms of oil refining capacity, the leaders are the USA (about 2.27 million tons of oil per day), the countries of the former USSR (1.15 million tons/day), Japan (660 thousand tons/day) and China (595 thousand tons/day). With).

Oil cartels

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

The Organization of the petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) was founded in 1960. Currently, 11 countries are members of OPEC: Algeria, Venezuela, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, UAE, Saudi Arabia. OPEC headquarters is Vienna, Austria. OPEC countries supply about 40% of the total global oil supply to the world market. Currently, the post of OPEC President is occupied by the Adviser to the President of Nigeria on energy issues, Rilwanu Lukman, and the post of Secretary General is held by the Minister of Energy and Mining of Venezuela, former OPEC President Ali Rodriguez.

Today's OPEC charter was approved in 1965, and subsequently numerous changes and additions were made to it. The goals declared by OPEC are: coordination and unification of the oil policies of member states, determining the most effective individual and collective means of protecting their interests and ensuring price stability on world oil markets.

Only the founding states and those countries whose applications for admission were approved by OPEC's highest body, the Conference, can be full members of OPEC. Any other country with a significant crude oil exploitation and interests fundamentally similar to those of OPEC member countries may become a full member, provided its admission is approved by a three-quarters majority vote.

The structure of OPEC consists of a Conference, committees, a board of governors, a secretariat, a secretary general and an OPEC economic commission. The conference is the highest body of OPEC and consists of delegations representing member states of the cartel. Typically, delegations are led by ministers of oil, mining or energy. Meetings are held twice a year, usually at the headquarters in Vienna. The conference determines the main directions of OPEC policy, makes decisions on the budget and is the electoral body of the organization. To make decisions, they must be approved by all full members. The cartel president is elected annually.

In 1976, OPEC created the OPEC Fund for International Development. It is a multilateral development financial institution that promotes cooperation between OPEC member states and other developing countries. The Fund's assistance can be used by international financial institutions providing assistance to developing countries, and by all non-OPEC developing countries. The OPEC Fund provides loans on concessional terms mainly of three types: for projects, programs and balance of payments support. The Fund's financial resources are generated from voluntary contributions from member states and profits generated through the Fund's lending and investment operations.

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries

The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) was formed in 1968 based on an agreement signed between the governments of Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia. Headquarters - Safat, Kuwait. OAPEC includes 11 countries: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Qatar, Kuwait, Libya, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia. Any Arab state whose source of a significant part of its national income is oil can become a member of OAPEC, subject to the consent of 75% of the organization's members, including the three founders of OAPEC. The main goals of OAPEC are cooperation in various types of economic activities in the field of the oil industry, identifying ways and means of protecting the legitimate interests of member states in this industry, both individually and collectively, joining efforts to ensure oil supplies on equal and fair terms, creating a favorable climate for investment in the transfer of technical expertise for the development of the oil industry of member states. The structure of OAPEC includes the Ministerial Council, the Executive Bureau, the Arbitration Court and the Secretariat.

World Petroleum Congress

The World Petroleum Congress is an international organization that unites countries producing and consuming oil and gas. It includes both OPEC member countries and independent oil producers. In total, the organization includes 59 countries.

Vladimir Khomutko

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Volume of oil production of leading countries

Countries of the world that are rich in oil and have significant reserves of this mineral have a strong influence on the world economy, since producers of petroleum products around the world depend on regular supplies of hydrocarbon raw materials, without which the existence of a modern economy is impossible. Global oil refining and chemical production consume truly colossal volumes of raw materials, and therefore the world’s gas volume is colossal.

The production of oil and natural gas for their subsequent export in many countries of the world brings the lion's share of budget revenues, and therefore the oil and gas sector is the leading sector of their economies.

In one day, about one hundred million barrels of “black gold” are produced in the world. The top three largest oil powers are the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia and the United States of America. It is these three countries that supply 30 percent of all traded oil.

Volume of oil production by country of the world

What other countries in the world are engaged in such production, and what volume of oil do they supply to the market? Below we will look at the leading countries in oil production, starting from tenth place and up to the top three.

10th place. Venezuela

The daily volume of oil production in this country is 2.5 million barrels, which allows it to open the world TOP-10 in this area.

The Venezuelan economy is heavily dependent on hydrocarbon sales. Suffice it to say that 96% of exports come from this mineral. Venezuelan raw materials account for 3.65% of the total volume of oil supplied to the market. But if we talk about the reserves of this energy resource, then Venezuela is in first place in the world. According to experts, their level is about 46 billion tons.

9th place. United Arab Emirates

The UAE, which produces 2.7 million barrels per day, rightfully occupies this place of honor. The share of hydrocarbon raw materials supplied to the world markets is 3.81%.

The main deposits are located in the emirate of Abu Dhabi (approximately 95%), the remaining 5% are located in the emirates of Sharjah and Dubai. The total amount of natural reserves in the UAE is estimated at 13 billion tons. The main importers of this mineral from the UAE are India, Thailand, Japan, Korea, China and Singapore.

8th. Kuwait

Daily production level of 2.8 million barrels.

bring Kuwait to eighth place in the TOP 10 largest producers. Unused liquid natural hydrocarbons in Kuwait account for 9% of the world's total and are estimated by experts at 14 billion tons of “black gold”.

Kuwait holds a 3.90% share of the oil market.

Kuwait's largest field is Greater Burgan, which accounts for half of all extracted raw materials. Another 50% comes from Kuwaiti fields such as Umm Gudair and Minagish, located in the south of Kuwait, and Sabriyah and Raudhaiten, located in the northern part of Kuwait. Kuwait's main exports are to Morocco, Jordan, Syria, China and the UAE.

7th. Iraq

The daily volume of oil produced in Iraq is 3 million barrels, which allows it to occupy a prominent place among the main producers of this raw material in the world.

Despite the difficult political situation, Iraq is gradually increasing the production of this raw material, since its economy is heavily dependent on its exports. The revenue side of the Iraqi budget consists of 90% of revenues from oil exports.

In the world, Iraqi hydrocarbons account for approximately 4.24%.

The total reserve of unused resources is 20 billion tons.

6th place. Iran

It supplies over three million barrels daily.

This Middle Eastern country is a major oil power with huge reserves of this useful energy resource. The bulk of hydrocarbons here are extracted from fields located in the Persian Gulf basin. According to experts, the already discovered Iranian deposits will last for almost ninety years, since their level is estimated at 21 billion tons. This is the third indicator in the world.

Iran's percentage in the market for this energy resource is 4.25%.

The main importers are Japan, China, India, South Korea and Türkiye. Half of Iran's export revenues consist of proceeds from the sale of “black gold.”

5th place. Canada

It also supplies more than three million barrels per day.

Canada opens the top five exporters of this product. The largest deposit of this mineral in Canada is located in the province of Alberta. Recently, Canada has become the largest supplier of hydrocarbons to its neighbors, the United States. More than 90% of Canadian crude hydrocarbons are exported here.

Canada holds 4.54% of the oil market.

It has enormous reserves of this mineral, which are estimated at approximately 28 billion tons. According to this indicator, Canada is among the top three in the world.

4th. China

The daily volume of oil, equal to 4 million barrels, rightfully puts the People's Republic of China in fourth place in the oil production ranking.

Chinese “black gold” in the world is 5.71%.

The population of the PRC is huge, so China is not only one of the leading exporters, but also one of the leaders in consumption of this energy resource. The amount of explored Chinese hydrocarbons is relatively small - 2.5 billion tons. One of the main exporters of “black gold” for China is Russia.

Third place - United States of America

Opens the “big three” main producers of this product in the United States - 9 million barrels. daily, 11.80% of global production.

The United States is not only a leading exporter, but also the world's largest importer of hydrocarbons and petroleum products. The main deposits are concentrated in three American states - Texas, Alaska and California. In case of all kinds of unforeseen circumstances, the United States maintains the world's largest strategic reserve of already produced hydrocarbons.

Second place. Saudi Arabia

10 million barrels is the daily volume of oil produced in this country.

Saudi Arabia has long been rightfully among the leaders in the production of hydrocarbons, on which its entire economy rests. The main export regions are the USA and East Asia. The share of export revenues received from the sale of hydrocarbons in the total amount of such revenues in this state is approximately 90 percent. All fields in Saudi Arabia are developed by the national company Saudi Aramco.

Liquid hydrocarbons supplied from Saudi Arabia on the global market are 13.23%.

Explored resources are estimated at 36.7 billion tons.

And finally, the leader of the rating is Russia

Daily production is more than 10 million barrels.

Confident first place. Russia has long been considered one of the richest in the world, not only in terms of the amount of “black gold”, but also a real storehouse of other types of minerals - coal, non-ferrous metals, natural gas and so on. The total volume of explored Russian hydrocarbons is more than 14 billion tons.

The percentage of the Russian Federation in the total amount of mined “black gold” is 13.92 percent.

Trends for 2017

A sharp drop in oil prices, which was provoked by a sharp increase in production

Hydraulic fracturing—injecting water, specialty chemicals and sand into tight shale to create a network of cracks, releasing the oil and gas they contain—has changed the landscape of the U.S. energy landscape beyond recognition. After a steady decline for 25 years. The growth over the last five years from 2008 to 2013 was 47 percent. The Energy Department projects that the United States, which imported 6 percent of its gas consumption as recently as 2012, will become a net exporter of hydrocarbons by 2018.

Shale boom

Despite fears of groundwater contamination and numerous protests, energy companies are competing to gain access to giant shale deposits in China, Russia, India, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and other countries.

Royal Dutch Shell joined forces with Chinese petrochemical corporation Sinopec to exploit the world's largest shale gas formation, spread across central and southern China.

Chevron agreed to invest at least $16 billion in partnership with YPF, an Argentine state-owned oil production company, to drill the formation Vaca Muerta near the Andes. This formation alone could increase South America's oil reserves eightfold and also make it a significant player in the gas field.

Since Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto opened his country to foreign investment in oil production, American oil and gas explorers, who started the shale boom, are ready for a new breakthrough. The obvious target is a gas-rich formation. Eagle Ford, which stretches from Texas to the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. “These are the most active shale plays in Texas, but when you get into Mexico, there's no activity,” says Chris Wright, CEO Liberty Resources, a hydraulic fracturing company in North Dakota.

Even relatively small Britain sits on huge gas reserves. Formation Bowland-Hodder- a shale belt that stretches across the middle of England - contains more than 37 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, according to calculations by the British Geological Survey.

Around the world, countries are increasingly aware of the need for their energy independence. Therefore, it is difficult to expect that all these huge hydrocarbon reserves will remain untouched for a long time.

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