The largest tanker in the world is Knock Nevis ← Hodor. The largest tanker in the world - Knock Nevis ← Hodor The largest ship in the world knock nevis

Let's return to our giant.

The most outstanding invention of mankind is oil tanker. The word itself comes from the English word “tank” - tank. Sea tanker This is a vessel designed for the transportation of liquid cargo (oil, acid, vegetable oil, molten sulfur, etc.) in ship tanks (tanks). These sea vessels come in various sizes, but among them there is a special type - supertankers. These are the most big ships among tankers of such a type. They can carry 50 percent more oil on a single voyage than others, and have only 15 percent more operating costs for bunkering, crew, and insurance, allowing oil companies chartering the vessel to increase their profits and save savings. There will always be a demand for such oil tankers.

Supertankers- a product of the scientific and technological revolution of our time. They did not have any specific inventor, and with the development of science and technology, their creation became possible. On oil tankers The longitudinal hull framing system was tested, the engine room and all superstructures were moved to the stern. And most importantly, during their construction, electric welding began to be widely used in shipbuilding, which later became the only way to connect hull structures made of metal.

Knock Nevis, a supertanker that was named at various times: Jahre Viking, Happy Giant and Seawise Giant.

Knock Nevis has a length of 458.45 meters, so turning the tanker in the opposite direction requires at least 2 km if the turn was carried out using tugs. The ship has a width of 68.8 meters, to give a better idea - this is the approximate width of a football field.

The ship's upper deck could accommodate 5.5 football fields.

This is the largest operational ship ever created in the history of the planet. It also has its drawbacks, which essentially predetermined the tanker’s short existence. Its draft of 24.6 meters is, for comparison, more than a standard 7-story residential building.

The ship could not pass through the Suez and Panama Canals due to its enormous dimensions, moreover, it was not allowed to pass through the English Channel due to the risk of running aground.

Seawise Giant was the largest ship built in the 20th century. But the giant was built before the era of double-hulled tankers, which began with the Exxon Valdez disaster. It is unlikely that new tankers will exceed the size of the Seawise Giant; most likely, the palm will be taken over by floating cities - real floating cities, with housing, offices, and everything else that is available in the city. Some projects of such vessels are already being developed.

Seawise Giant began construction in 1979 at the request of a Greek tycoon, but he went bankrupt as a result of the oil embargo of the 70s. The ship was bought by Hong Kong tycoon Tung and financed its completion. However, Tung insisted that the deadweight be increased from 480,000 to 564,763 tons, making the Seawise Giant the world's largest ship. The tanker entered service in 1981, and initially transported oil from the Gulf of Mexico fields. Then he was transferred to transport oil from Iran. There in Persian Gulf, and he was sunk.

In 1986, during the Iran-Iraq War, in the Strait of Hormuz, a tanker was attacked and sunk by Exocet missiles from the Iraqi Air Force. An Iraqi fighter fired at a unique tanker, which was then almost in the Persian Gulf (or rather, in the Strait of Hormuz, lying between Iran and the UAE, leading to the Gulf) anti-ship missile Exocet.

She sank in shallow waters off Kharg Island, prompting her to be raised and taken to Keppel Shipyard in Singapore in August 1988 by her new owner, Norman International. Ship repairers replaced 3.7 thousand tons of crumpled steel.

Most likely, the company bought, raised and repaired the tanker mainly for prestige purposes. The refurbished Seawise Giant was renamed Happy Giant. By 1999, he again changed his owner and name - he was bought by the Norwegian Jahare Wallem and renamed Jahre Viking.

In March 2004, the giant got a new owner, First Olsen Tankers. Different times have already come, and given the age of the tanker, they decided to convert it into an FSO - a floating storage and loading complex, at the Dubai shipyards. After refitting, she was renamed Knock Nevis, and was then deployed as an FSO to the Al Shaheen field in Qatari waters.

Technical characteristics of the Knock Nevis supertanker

Commissioned: 1976
Withdrawn from the fleet: 01/04/2010
Length: 458.45 m
Width: 68.86 m
Draft: 24, 611 meters
Power plant: steam turbines with a total capacity of 50,000 hp. With.
Speed: 13-16 knots
Crew: 40 people.

Weight of transported cargo: 564,763 tons

Another 6 ULCC (ultra large oil tanker) class tankers have surpassed the 500,000 dwt mark:
Battilus 553,662 dwt 1976 - 1985 (decommissioned)
Bellamya 553,662 dwt 1976 - 1986 (decommissioned)
Pierre Guillaumat 555,051 dwt 1977 - 1983(decommissioned)
Esso Atlantic 516,000 dwt 1977 - 2002(decommissioned)
Esso Pacific 516 dwt 1977 - 2002 (decommissioned)
Prairial 554.974 dwt 1979 - 2003(decommissioned)

Think about it: the giant’s braking distance is 10.2 kilometers, and its turning circle exceeds 3.7 kilometers! So, among other ships scurrying around these waters, this supertanker is like a bull in a china shop.

When a tanker needs to be brought to an oil terminal, it is taken in tow and pulled very, very slowly. It is easy to imagine what can happen if there is an error in maneuvering a ship weighing almost a million tons.

During its life, the supergiant tanker changed several owners and changed its name more than once - first to Happy Giant, then to Jahre Viking.

In 2009, the ship was transported to Alang, India, where it was forcibly stranded for disposal.

In 2010, the ship was scrapped.

At present

One of the representatives of this class of sea vessels was oil tanker« Batillus" This cargo ship was created, from start to finish, according to the original design without additional modernization during operation. Nautical tanker from the moment of laying it was built in 10 months, and about 70,000 tons of steel were spent on construction. Construction cost the owner $130 million.

Technical characteristics of the tanker "Batillus";
Length - 414.2 m;
Width - 63 m;
Draft - 28.5 m;
Deadweight - 655,000 tons;
Displacement - 275276 tons;

Power point- four steam turbines " Stal Laval» power of each 64800 l. With.;
Speed - 16 knots;
Crew - 26 people;

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sources
http://korabley.net
http://www.ermoshka.ru
http://mostinfo.su

Oil has long become the most sensitive nerve of the entire world industry. Often, it is most profitable to transport “black gold” not by land, but by water. The route taken by ships of this type is called “oil”. Already in the 19th century, when coal was the main raw material, crude oil was transported in wooden and zinc barrels in special holds sailing ships intended for oil.

The most the first sea tanker for transporting oil in a tank, the walls of which were lining, it became “ Atlantic", built in 1863. This type tanker, the tank for liquid cargo is the hull, which has survived to this day. By the beginning of the First World War sea tankers already accounted for 3% of the world's merchant fleet.

The demand for oil is growing every year. This process is associated with the continuous development of heavy industry and the emergence of an increasing number of motor vehicles. Accordingly, the scale is increasing and the requirements for its transportation are becoming more stringent. I doubt that there will be ones whose size and displacement would have the same rapid development trend as tankers.

Shipbuilding development oil tankers takes into account the features and advantages supertankers, since when transporting oil on a ship that can hold more than 100,000 tons of oil, transportation costs are not much higher than when using a tanker with a carrying capacity of 16,000 tons. Today large tankers And supertankers fully automated and operated by a relatively small crew. Even the longest transportation of valuable cargo is much cheaper than when operating a conventional vessel. And one of these is “ Knock Nevis».

The history of this sea vessel began in Japan in 1976 (some sources indicate 1975) at the shipyards of the company " Sumitomo Heavy Industries." Then oil tanker "Knock Nevis"“born” under the modest serial number 1016 and was not that big. Soon the cargo ship was sold to a certain Greek shipowner, who gave oil tanker first real name " Seawise Giant". Its carrying capacity was 480,000 tons (typical modern oil tankers holds 280,000 tons). Three years later, the cargo ship was sold to a new owner, who ordered an enlargement. Japanese shipbuilders cut and extended tanker, which took quite a lot of time. Finally in 1981 supertanker was ready to go again. Welded additional sections of the hull increased its deadweight to 564,763 tons.

Technical characteristics of the oil super-tanker “Knock Nevis”:

Displacement - 260581 tons;
Deadweight - 564763 tons;
Length - 458.4 m;
Width - 68.8 m;
Draft - 24.6 m;
Power plant - steam turbines with a capacity of 50,000 hp;
Speed - 13 knots;
Crew - 40 people;

Supertanker "Knock Nevis" could easily take on board the Empire State Building and the Eiffel Tower. But its cargo is $195 million worth of oil. Huge ship has outlived several owners and is already bearing its fourth name " Knock Nevis". They shot him with rockets and cut him in half. And yet - for more than 20 years he remains the most big by ship on the planet. During my life supertanker changed several owners and changed names more than once: first - to “ Happy Giant", then to " Jahre Viking".

TANKER “KNOCK NEVIS” - PAST AND PRESENT

tanker "Seawise Giant"

tanker Jahre Viking

tanker "Jahre Viking" at sea

supertanker "Knock Nevis"

The braking distance of the supertanker “Knock Nevis” is 5 kilometers

This year supertanker visited one of the shipyards in Dubai, received new equipment and turned into a so-called “Floating Storage and Offloading unit” for oil. Wherein cargo ship renamed to " Knock Nevis" After serving for a while tanker was scrapped and sent to one of the Indian ports.

dismantling of the tanker "Knock Nevis"

But the increase in deadweight also has a negative side: due to excessive draft supertankers access to some seas, passage through straits and canals is closed, which greatly limits their capabilities.

As a rule, oil is shipped at a roadstead in oil terminals using oil pipelines or lighters. To reduce viscosity and facilitate the unloading process, heating pipelines are laid between the tanks.

Oil poses a serious threat to the ocean environment. In 1973, an international convention was adopted within the framework of the Maritime Consultative Organization, which defined a design for all types of tankers. Separate cargo containers oil tankers should not exceed 30,000 cubic meters. Tankers must have a double hull and technical devices to improve the maneuverability of the vessel.

Knock Nevis is the largest tanker in the world, also known as Jahre Viking, Happy Giant, Seawise Giant and Mont. The oil tanker was designed and built by the Japanese in 1974-1975, long remaining the largest ship ever built. In 2010, the “sea giant” was decommissioned and subsequently dismantled for scrap.

Record holder

The tanker Knock Nevis was the largest ship, 458 meters long, built in the 20th century. It had a volume of 260,851 register tons (RT), corresponding to 738,208.3 m 3 . Only in 2013 South Korea The Prelude FLNG supertanker was manufactured, whose length was 30 meters longer than the previous record holder. However, in terms of displacement it is significantly inferior to the giant from Japan (600,000 tons versus 657,000).

This ship is so large that four football fields can fit on its deck. Its stopping distance is about 3.5 miles (5.6 km), and with a full load of sediment in the water reaches 80 feet (more than 24 meters).

After the Exxon Valdez tanker disaster in Alaskan waters in 1989, the US government decided to use double-bottomed vessels to transport petroleum products. Ships that do not meet these requirements are not allowed into US territorial waters. This initiative was supported by many countries. Manufacturing hulls of this design is very technically difficult, so some of the record characteristics of the Knock Nevis tanker will not be broken for a long time.

In the foreseeable future, “floating city” type vessels may exceed the tonnage of the Japanese heavyweight. Some of the city-ship projects are already entering the implementation stage, but their practical implementation will require years and billions of dollars in investment.

Comparative data of the tanker Knock Nevis

A ship designed by Country engineers rising sun, is one of the largest ships in the history of civilization. Even the mighty aircraft carriers seem less intimidating against its background. Comparative characteristics among its fellow supertankers:

Knock Nevis (1975-2010): displacement - 657,018 tons, volume - 260,851 RT, length - 458.5 m.
Prelude FLNG (2013): displacement - 600,000 tons, volume - 300,000 RT, length - 488 m.
Pierre Guillaumat (1977-1983): displacement - 555,051 tons, volume - 274,838 RT, length - 414 m.
Prairial (1979-2003): displacement - 554,974 tons, volume - 274,826 RT, length - 414 m.
Battilus and Bellamya (1976-1986): displacement - 553,662 tons, volume - 273,550 RT, length - 414 m.
Esso Atlantic and Esso Pacific (1977-2002): displacement - 516,000 tons, volume - 259,532 RT, length - 406 m.

The newest TI class tankers, produced since 2002, are slightly inferior in performance to the “old guard”. Their displacement is “only” 509,484 tons, volume - 234,006 RT, length - 380 m. However, building larger vessels is not always advisable, since they will not be able to pass through the English Channel, Suez and Panama Canals.

Creation

Construction of the tanker Knock Nevis began in 1974 by the Japanese company Sumitomo Heavy Industries in Osaka for the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis. However, due to the oil embargo in the 1970s, the billionaire was declared bankrupt before the ship was even built.

The rights to the giant ship were bought by the Hong Kong shipowner Tang. He instructed the builders to increase its length and increase its carrying capacity from 480,000 to 564,763 tons. Since the tanker was actually already assembled, it was necessary to cut the hull in half and weld an additional section. Japanese specialists brilliantly coped with an unparalleled task. After launching in 1979, the ship was named Seawise Giant.

Specifications:

Vessel type - oil tanker.
Dimensions (length, width) - 458.45/68.86 m.
The height of the sides above the waterline at maximum load is 24.6 m.
Displacement - 657,018.5 tons.
Deadweight (full load capacity including cargo, crew, food and water supplies) - 564,763 tons.
The power of the power plants is 50,000 liters. With.
Cruising speed - 30 km/h (16 knots).
The number of crew members is 40 people.
Braking distance - 5.6 km.

Start of operation

Initially, the Knock Nevis tanker delivered oil from the Gulf of Mexico fields and Caribbean Sea in USA. It was later transferred to the Persian Gulf to export oil from Iran. In the 1980s, war broke out between neighbors Iran and Iraq. In 1986, the ship was attacked by Iraqi aircraft while moving through the Strait of Hormuz. Several Exocet missiles hit the ship. The tanker suffered enormous damage during the attack. It eventually sank in the shallow waters of Khark Island.

Renaissance

It would seem that the fate of the Seawise Giant was predetermined. However, a few months after the end of the Iran-Iraq War, in August 1988, Norman International bought the tanker resting at the bottom of the sea. Specialists managed to lift it and tow it to the Keppel shipyard in Singapore. The ship was restored and renamed the Happy Giant in honor of the miraculous rescue.

Experts note that such a costly operation to lift and repair the supertanker was not caused by economic feasibility, but by the prestige of owning the world's largest ship. By the way, almost all record-breaking supertankers built in the 70s were scrapped by the early 2000s. The oil tanker outlived its “colleagues” by a good ten years.

Further fate

In 1999, a deal was carried out to transfer the tanker Knock Nevis to Norway. In March 2004, she was sent by her new owner (First Olsen Tankers) to the Dubai dry docks, where the ship was converted into a floating oil storage and offloading terminal. Under the name Knock Nevis, he began working in the Al Shaheen field in Qatari waters.

In December 2009, the tanker Knock Nevis was sold to Indian processors for disposal. The ship sailed to its last mooring place under the name Mont. Upon arrival, the ship was deliberately grounded off the coast of the Indian state of Gujarat in the waters of the port of Alang. On January 4, 2010, the last official photograph of Knock Nevis was taken, after which dismantling of the legend of the seas began.

As a reminder of the existence of the giant supertanker, its anchor, weighing 36 tons, is on display as a valuable exhibit in Maritime Museum city of Hong Kong (People's Republic of China).

The supertanker Knock Nevis is the largest ship ever built in the history of the planet. At different periods of its existence it bore different names: Seawise Giant, Happy Giant, Jahre Viking.

The length of the oil tanker is 458.45 m. To turn it in the opposite direction with the help of tugs, at least 2 km was required. The width of the world's largest ship was 68.86 m. The upper deck of the Knock Nevis could theoretically accommodate 5.5 football fields.

One of the main drawbacks of the supertanker, which predetermined its short operation, was the draft when fully loaded - 24.61 m (more than a 7-story building). Due to its enormous dimensions, as well as the risk of running aground, the ship could not pass through the Suez and Panama Canals, as well as through the English Channel.

The stopping distance of the tanker was as much as 10.2 km, and the circulation diameter was 3.7 km. Engines: turbines with a total power of 50,000 hp. The total carrying capacity of the vessel, which was first put into operation in 1976, was 563,763 tons. The supertanker was moving at a speed of 13 knots (about 24 km/h).

IN last years During its existence, the giant tanker was operated as a floating oil storage facility. In 2009, the ship was transported to Alang (India), where it was scrapped a year later.

Knock Nevis (formerly known as Seawise Giant, Happy Giant and Jahre Viking) is a Norwegian-flagged supertanker. Its dimensions were: 458.45 meters long and 69 meters wide, which made it the largest ship in the world. Built in 1976, rebuilt in 1979, in recent years used as a floating oil storage facility, then delivered to Alang (India), where it was disposed of in 2010.

Knock Nevis had a deadweight of 564,763 tons, which is 658,362 m? (4.1 million barrels) of oil.

The length of the tanker is 458.45 meters, width is 68.86 meters, and the cargo draft is 24.61 meters. The maximum speed was 13 knots, the ship's crew was 40 people. The braking distance of the vessel is 10.2 kilometers, and the circulation diameter is more than 3.7 kilometers.

The draft when fully loaded did not allow the ship to pass not only Suez and Panama Canals, but also the English Channel.

The supertanker was built in Japan in the city of Yokosuka by Sumitomo Corporation under the serial number “1016” and was transferred to the Greek shipowner, who gave the tanker its first real name “Seawise Giant”.

It’s interesting that the tanker wasn’t that big back then. Its carrying capacity was 480 thousand tons (typical modern supertankers hold 280 thousand tons).

The new owner ordered an enlargement of the vessel. The vessel was cut up and extended, and additional hull sections were added, increasing the deadweight from the original 480 thousand tons to a record 564,763 tons. In 1981, the tanker was ready for service. The total displacement of the monster after reconstruction reached 825 thousand 614 tons, which, along with its size, made it the largest ship ever sailed on Earth.

The ship initially sailed between the Middle East and the United States, but in 1986 it began to be used as a floating terminal for storing and transshipping Iranian oil during the Iran-Iraq War. In 1986, an Iraqi fighter jet fired an Exocet anti-ship missile at a ship that was almost in the Persian Gulf (or rather, in the Strait of Hormuz leading into the Gulf). The tanker did not die, but was disabled. Only in 1989 was it revived by Singapore ship repairers, replacing 3.7 thousand tons of crumpled steel.

After the end of the war, the ship, towed to Brunei, was purchased by the Norwegian company KS-company. The ship was refurbished in Singapore and renamed Happy Giant. However, in 1991, even before the completion of the repairs, KS-company came under the control of the Norwegian shipowner Jorgen Jahre, so the tanker left the shipyard under the name Jahre Viking.

KS-company was later purchased by Norwegian shipowner Fred Olsen for his company First Olsen Tankers.

Following the passage of laws in the United States and Europe prohibiting the use of single-sided tankers, the so-called monohull tankers (the Knock Nevis's side is only 3.5 centimeters thick), the vessel was converted into a "floating storage unit" (FPSO) in the Dubai docks in March 2004 ). At the same time, the tanker once again changed its name to the modern Knock Nevis. In 2009, the ship was washed ashore in Alang (India), where it was scrapped in 2010. Before the last voyage, the ship was renamed Mont and changed its flag to Sierra Leone. It took about a year to completely dismantle the ship.