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Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School named after I. S. Polbin (OVVAKUL) is a former military flight school that existed in the city of Orenburg.

The school traces its history back to the Moscow School of Air Combat and Bombing, the formation of which began on August 10, 1921. On August 9, 1922 she was transferred to the city of Serpukhov, and on June 20, 1927 she was relocated to Orenburg. The instructor pilots moved the planes along the route Serpukhov - Penza - Orenburg. In the fall of 1928, the Higher Military School of Observer Pilots was relocated from Leningrad to Orenburg, which became part of the Third Military School of Pilots and Observer Pilots. In June 1938, the 3rd VASHL was transformed into VAUL named after. K. E. Voroshilova. In February 1939, the school was divided into two independent schools: the First Chkalov Military Aviation School of Pilots named after. K.E. Voroshilova and the Second Chkalov Military Aviation School of Navigators, which made it possible to improve the training conditions for pilots and navigators. At the end of the 1940s, training at the school was carried out on Il-10 aircraft; in the first half of the 1950s, the Orenburg Aviation School received Il-28 and MiG-15 jet aircraft. In 1960 it received the status of a higher educational institution; The school received personnel and educational and material resources from the Orenburg Air Force Navigation School and the Kirovobad Pilot School (previously transferred to the city of Orsk). On December 23, 1963, on the initiative of the Orenburg Regional Committee of the Komsomol and the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, the first school of young cosmonauts in the Soviet Union was created. Since May 1967, it was named after the twice Hero of the Soviet Union, General Polbin. In the orders of the Minister of Defense of the USSR and the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, the school was noted among the best military educational institutions of the country in 1931, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1944, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1956, 1957, 1967, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1983. On February 12, 1993, the school was disbanded. On the basis of the school, the Orenburg Cadet Corps was created - a multidisciplinary educational institution that provides initial training in flight, helicopter, aviation engineering, missile, anti-aircraft missile, and firefighting. At the same time, the Berlin Order of Kutuzov III degree military transport aviation regiment, withdrawn from the Baltic states, was located on the territory of the former flight school (its aircraft are based at the Orenburg-2 airfield). In 2013, the Orenburg prosecutor's office initiated a criminal case for failure to preserve a historical and cultural monument - the building of the Orenburg Higher Military Flight School - under Art. 243.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (violation of the requirements for the preservation of a cultural heritage site, resulting in large-scale damage through negligence). Since 2003, the non-residential premises of the former school were transferred by local authorities to federal ownership and were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Now the building houses the Space Museum, which is a branch of the Orenburg History Museum, the Orenburg Cadet Boarding School...

Coordinates: 51°45′37″ n. w. 55°06′50″ E. d. / 51.760167° s. w. 55.113921° E. d. / 51.760167; 55.113921(G) (I) K:Educational institutions founded in 1921

Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School named after I. S. Polbin (OVVAKUL)- a former military flight school that existed in the city of Orenburg.

Story

In the fall of 1928, the Higher Military School of Observer Pilots was relocated from Leningrad to Orenburg, which became part of the Third Military School of Pilots and Observer Pilots. In June 1938, the 3rd VASHL was transformed into VAUL named after. K. E. Voroshilova. In February 1939, the school was divided into two independent schools: the First Chkalov Military Aviation School of Pilots named after. K.E. Voroshilova and the Second Chkalov Military Aviation School of Navigators, which made it possible to improve the training conditions for pilots and navigators.

In 2013, the Orenburg prosecutor's office initiated a criminal case for failure to preserve a historical and cultural monument - the building of the Orenburg Higher Military Flight School - under Art. 243.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (violation of the requirements for the preservation of a cultural heritage site, resulting in large-scale damage through negligence). Since 2003, the non-residential premises of the former school were transferred by local authorities to federal ownership and were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Now the building houses, which is a branch of the Museum of the History of Orenburg, the State Budgetary Educational Institution “Orenburg Cadet Boarding School named after I. I. Neplyuev” and the Orenburg Theological Seminary (part of the building was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church, since during the Russian Empire it housed a diocesan school).

Training sites

Training flights were carried out at the following airfields:

Chebenki (904th training aviation regiment).
Orenburg-2 (814th training aviation regiment).
Orenburg-3.
Orsk-Pervomaisky (750th training aviation regiment).

Air training grounds - Orlovsky, Akzharsky.

Initial training aircraft in the post-war period: Yak-18, Il-28, Yak-28, L-29, Tu-134 UBL.

Among the graduates:

more than 150 generals
453 Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor, Hero of the Russian Federation
- including: 352 Heroes of the Soviet Union
- 10 - twice Heroes of the Soviet Union
250 world-famous equipment test pilots and honored pilots. navigators
4 pilot-cosmonauts
30 people have defended candidate and doctoral dissertations
2 state prize winners

In 1923-1924. V.P. Chkalov studied at the school, which was then located in Moscow and Serpukhov.

In 1955-1957 Yu. A. Gagarin, the future first cosmonaut of the planet, was a cadet at the school.

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School

“They ask for an offensive, they propose various projects, but as soon as you get down to business, nothing is ready, and the forewarned enemy takes his own measures.”
Ermolov narrowed his eyes and smiled slightly when he heard these words. He realized that the storm had passed for him and that Kutuzov would limit himself to this hint.
“He’s being amused at my expense,” Ermolov said quietly, nudging Raevsky, who was standing next to him, with his knee.
Soon after this, Ermolov moved forward to Kutuzov and respectfully reported:
- Time has not been lost, your lordship, the enemy has not left. What if you order an attack? Otherwise the guards won’t even see the smoke.
Kutuzov said nothing, but when he was informed that Murat’s troops were retreating, he ordered an offensive; but every hundred steps he stopped for three quarters of an hour.
The whole battle consisted only in what Orlov Denisov’s Cossacks did; the rest of the troops only lost several hundred people in vain.
As a result of this battle, Kutuzov received a diamond badge, Bennigsen also received diamonds and a hundred thousand rubles, others, according to their ranks, also received a lot of pleasant things, and after this battle even new movements were made at headquarters.
“This is how we always do things, everything is topsy-turvy!” - Russian officers and generals said after the Tarutino battle, - exactly the same as they say now, making it feel like someone stupid is doing it this way, inside out, but we wouldn’t do it that way. But people who say this either do not know the matter they are talking about or are deliberately deceiving themselves. Every battle - Tarutino, Borodino, Austerlitz - is not carried out as its managers intended. This is an essential condition.
An innumerable number of free forces (for nowhere is a person freer than during a battle, where it is a matter of life and death) influences the direction of the battle, and this direction can never be known in advance and never coincides with the direction of any one force.
If many, simultaneously and variously directed forces act on some body, then the direction of movement of this body cannot coincide with any of the forces; and there will always be an average, shortest direction, what in mechanics is expressed by the diagonal of a parallelogram of forces.
If in the descriptions of historians, especially French ones, we find that their wars and battles are carried out according to a certain plan in advance, then the only conclusion that we can draw from this is that these descriptions are not true.
The Tarutino battle, obviously, did not achieve the goal that Tol had in mind: in order to bring troops into action according to disposition, and the one that Count Orlov could have had; to capture Murat, or the goals of instantly exterminating the entire corps, which Bennigsen and other persons could have, or the goals of an officer who wanted to get involved and distinguish himself, or a Cossack who wanted to acquire more booty than he acquired, etc. But , if the goal was what actually happened, and what was a common desire for all Russian people then (the expulsion of the French from Russia and the extermination of their army), then it will be completely clear that the Tarutino battle, precisely because of its inconsistencies, was the same , which was needed during that period of the campaign. It is difficult and impossible to imagine any outcome of this battle that would be more expedient than the one it had. With the least tension, with the greatest confusion and with the most insignificant loss, the greatest results of the entire campaign were achieved, the transition from retreat to offensive was made, the weakness of the French was exposed and the impetus that Napoleon’s army had only been waiting for to begin their flight was given.

Napoleon enters Moscow after a brilliant victory de la Moskowa; there can be no doubt about victory, since the battlefield remains with the French. The Russians retreat and give up the capital. Moscow, filled with provisions, weapons, shells and untold riches, is in the hands of Napoleon. The Russian army, twice as weak as the French, did not make a single attack attempt for a month. Napoleon's position is most brilliant. In order to fall with double forces on the remnants of the Russian army and destroy it, in order to negotiate an advantageous peace or, in case of refusal, to make a threatening move towards St. Petersburg, in order to even, in case of failure, return to Smolensk or Vilna , or stay in Moscow - in order, in a word, to maintain the brilliant position in which the French army was at that time, it would seem that no special genius is needed. To do this, it was necessary to do the simplest and easiest thing: to prevent the troops from looting, to prepare winter clothes, which would be enough in Moscow for the entire army, and to properly collect the provisions that were in Moscow for more than six months (according to French historians) for the entire army. Napoleon, this most brilliant of geniuses and who had the power to control the army, as historians say, did nothing of this.
Not only did he not do any of this, but, on the contrary, he used his power to choose from all the paths of activity that presented itself to him that which was the stupidest and most destructive of all. Of all the things that Napoleon could do: winter in Moscow, go to St. Petersburg, go to Nizhny Novgorod, go back, north or south, the way that Kutuzov later went - well, whatever he could come up with, was stupider and more destructive than what he did Napoleon, that is, to remain in Moscow until October, leaving the troops to plunder the city, then, hesitating, to leave or not to leave the garrison, to leave Moscow, to approach Kutuzov, not to start a battle, to go to the right, to reach Maly Yaroslavets, again without experiencing the chance of breaking through , to go not along the road that Kutuzov took, but to go back to Mozhaisk and along the devastated Smolensk road - nothing more stupid than this, nothing more destructive for the army could be imagined, as the consequences showed. Let the most skillful strategists come up with, imagining that Napoleon’s goal was to destroy his army, come up with another series of actions that would, with the same certainty and independence from everything that the Russian troops did, would destroy the entire French army, like what Napoleon did.
The genius Napoleon did it. But to say that Napoleon destroyed his army because he wanted it, or because he was very stupid, would be just as unfair as to say that Napoleon brought his troops to Moscow because he wanted it, and because that he was very smart and brilliant.
In both cases, his personal activity, which had no more power than the personal activity of each soldier, only coincided with the laws according to which the phenomenon took place.
It is completely false (only because the consequences did not justify Napoleon’s activities) that historians present to us Napoleon’s forces as weakened in Moscow. He, just as before and after, in the 13th year, used all his skill and strength to do the best for himself and his army. Napoleon's activities during this time were no less amazing than in Egypt, Italy, Austria and Prussia. We do not know truly the extent to which Napoleon’s genius was real in Egypt, where forty centuries they looked at his greatness, because all these great exploits were described to us only by the French. We cannot correctly judge his genius in Austria and Prussia, since information about his activities there must be drawn from French and German sources; and the incomprehensible surrender of corps without battles and fortresses without siege should incline the Germans to recognize genius as the only explanation for the war that was waged in Germany. But, thank God, there is no reason for us to recognize his genius in order to hide our shame. We paid for the right to look at the matter simply and directly, and we will not give up this right.

Preparation and holding of the 95th anniversary of OVVAKUL named after I.S. Polbin
August 10, 2016 marks the 95th anniversary of the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School (OVVAKUL) named after. I.S. Polbina, which during its existence produced about 32 thousand pilots, of which 343 were Heroes of the Soviet Union and Socialist Labor, 10 of them twice. The first cosmonaut on the planet, Yu.A. Gagarin, is a graduate of the I.S. Polbin OVVAKUL.
(Chairman of the Council of Veterans of OVVAKUL V.N. Sorokoletov)
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PLAN for preparing and holding the 95th anniversary of the I.S. Polbin OVVAKUL
https://yadi.sk/i/qB8VrPlLmzspJ
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Foundation of the Council of Veterans of OVVAKUL named after I.S. Polbin
https://yadi.sk/d/2GnuBqRNmw9AL
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Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner School of Pilots named after twice Hero of the Soviet Union I.S. Polbin (OVVAKUL named after I.S. Polbin) is one of the oldest educational institutions of the Air Force of the USSR Armed Forces, created in 1921. The Orenburg School is a school of heroes , rich in historical heritage and military traditions. It became famous for its command personnel, teachers, and flight instructors, and therefore many of its graduates glorified the Motherland far beyond its borders. About 32 thousand pilots, navigators and ground specialists are trained and educated here. In the orders of the Minister of Defense and the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, the Orenburg Aviation School was noted among the best military educational institutions in the country. Its graduates worthily protected the peaceful labor of the Soviet people. Many times they pleased the Fatherland and the world community with the words “for the first time”, “the first”, and their exploits became the main events of the century. The first cosmonaut of our planet, Yu.A. Gagarin, graduated from the Orenburg flight school in 1957. Graduates heroically and courageously performed their international duty in Spain, China, Mongolia; in air battles on Khasan and in the Soviet-Finnish war. They showed particular maturity and talent during the Great Patriotic War, defeating the fascist invaders and Japanese militarists on all fronts, in all 20 Air Armies, in the Navy aviation, and in the country's air defense forces. Together with ground troops, thirteen states of Europe and Asia were liberated from enemy occupation. Among the graduates of the Orenburg School are over 340 Heroes of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation (including 10 twice Heroes), 150 generals, 250 well-known test pilots and honored military pilots in the country and the world, 4 cosmonauts, several laureates of state awards, dozens of scientists . The Orenburg School fulfilled a state task, training flight personnel for Albania, Hungary, China, Mongolia, and Poland. The names of over a thousand famous pets are embodied in bronze busts and monuments; in the names of cities and villages, squares and streets. Their lives and exploits are mentioned in encyclopedias, described in books, songs and poems, and filmed in feature films and documentaries.
August 10, 2016 marks the 95th anniversary of the creation of the Orenburg VVAKUL named after. I.S. Half a pint!

For our Soviet Motherland!
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Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School (OVVAKUL) named after. I.S. Polbina
(doc. film, 35 min.)

Nowadays they often talk about the collapse of industry that we received after the Soviet Union ceased to exist. But no less terrible and sad are the consequences of the closure of military schools. Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School named after I.S. Polbina is one of those who fell under the tragic distribution of short-sightedness, stupidity and economy. Of the 7 military schools, 5 were closed - it turned out to be a painfully expensive pleasure to train great pilots capable of piloting all particularly complex flying equipment - from the helm of an airplane to a rocket, because the first cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was a graduate of this school.

You can also remember the Grasshopper and his friends in the film Only Old Men Go to Battle - an accelerated release of the Orenburg tap hole.

I've been very lucky in my life. My dad is a military pilot, and I owe my existence on earth to the OVVAKUL named after Polbin, where my dad came to fulfill his dream of the sky from Samarkand and where he met my mother. My sister owes her existence to him - her dad came to enroll here from Novokuznetsk, found a friend, my dad, for life, whose sister he married! And also many other already matured children who received a unique chance in life - a decent, responsible, intelligent, reliable, loving father - a graduate of the Orenburg Flight School.

Serious entrance exams, 4 years of training in the most difficult task - flying airplanes. The strictest discipline, the highest level of teachers and a ticket to a dangerous profession - all this was provided by the Orenburg Flight School named after Polbin. And also reliable friendship for life. Dad has three of them, especially close ones. And besides them, there are many more truly reliable fellow students. Offhand, material but important examples include getting a demobilized dad a good job in Orenburg and helping him buy good cars in Novosibirsk. And all this is easy, because we studied together for 4 years and became comrades.

Graduates of the training camp served in garrisons throughout the country, and we served in the Far East. It is no coincidence that I say we - the whole family served. The service is both dangerous and difficult - these words apply not only to law enforcement officers. The Orenburg summer school released its cadets to where the words Duty are. Honor. Homeland was not an empty phrase.

After four years of flight school, where the level of education was incredibly high, those who got into heavy aircraft spent the same amount of time mastering this complex technique. And how to finish studying, and how to relearn. The reasons for one of the crashed planes were a complex of underestimated problems: little time for retraining from the captain of the ship, only 5 hours of flights and a pilot in charge, and his own insufficient physical parameters - a heavy plane required a powerful pilot. Remember the tragedy of Yaroslavl Lokomotiv? Wrong actions of good pilots who did not have time to retrain for another aircraft.

Only now am I beginning to realize the fragility of that family, that peaceful life, the value of those chocolates and juices in metal jars that were taken for granted. Strategic reconnaissance in the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Far Eastern garrisons) - that’s what my dad did with his fellow students and other graduates of the Orenburg Flight School, as well as other military schools. During the 9 years that I lived in the Far East, a regiment of 24 aircraft lost 4. They didn’t talk about this then. The reasons were different, out of 4 three - in the Pacific Ocean - no sound, no trace - nothing. At that time, Soviet planes “did not fall.”

Now Russia does not have strategic reconnaissance on heavy aircraft like the Tu 95. NOT AT ALL. And only Shoigu was the first to speak again about this important area of the country’s defense capability - our enemies have not gone away, unfortunately - instead of Letka there is now a Diocese and a cadet corps. But what will be used to form the corps of reconnaissance pilots capable of flying heavy aircraft is unclear.

It's been 21 years since there has been an Orenburg entrance. There is no school of duty, patriotism, reliability, decency, friendship. There is no school for great pilots. How much we have lost!

Until 1993, in Orenburg, on the picturesque bank of the Ural River, one of the oldest educational institutions in the Air Force was located - the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation Red Banner Pilot School named after I.S. Polbin.
The school traces its history back to the Moscow School of Air Combat and Bombing, the formation of which began by decree of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic No. 1951 of August 10, 1921. On August 9, 1922, she was transferred to the city of Serpukhov near Moscow. The school's most famous graduate was V.P.Chkalov . Orenburg bore his name from 1938 to 1957.
In the period from June 20 to October 16, 1927, the Serpukhov Higher Air Combat School was relocated to Orenburg. On the long route Serpukhov-Penza-Orenburg, instructor pilots ferried the planes. For the first time in the history of aviation, the flight of a large group of aircraft was carried out without flight incidents and was enthusiastically received by Orenburg residents. The grand opening of the school took place on November 7, 1927. On October 1, 1928, by Order of the Revolutionary Military Council No. 280, the “Leningrad Higher School of Pilot Observers” was relocated to Orenburg, which became part of the Third Military School of Pilots and Pilot Observers.
Over the past years, the school has gone through a long and glorious military path, acquired rich experience in training pilots with secondary, and since 1960, with higher education. In June 1938, the 3rd VASHL was transformed into VAUL named after. K.E.Voroshilova. And in February 1939 the school was divided into two independent schools: the First Chkalov Military Aviation School of Pilots named after. K.E.Voroshilova and the Second Chkalov Military Aviation School of Navigators. This division made it possible to improve the training conditions for pilots and navigators.
The school trained tens of thousands of air fighters. It brought up many of those who glorified the Soviet Motherland with heroic deeds and enriched aviation science and technology with new discoveries and achievements.
About 350 generals, graduates of the school, commanded aviation units in various years. Thousands of pilots, navigators and other aviation specialists have served and continue to carry out military service in almost all of them. aviation garrisons of the country.
Such prominent pilots as S.I. Gritsevets, A.K. Serov, P.F. Zhigarev, A.B. Yumashev , F.P. Polynin. Honored military pilots of the USSR L.I. Beda, S.D. Prutkov, M.S. Kobyakov studied there. Hero of the Soviet Union A.M. Antonov became an honored military navigator of the USSR. The high title of Honored Test Pilots of the USSR was awarded to A.P.Yakimov, N.I.Rusakova, K.K.Rykov, E.F.Milyutichev, V.P.Khomyakov etc. The world's first jet aircraft tester, Hero of the Soviet Union, graduated from college G.Ya.Bakhchivandzhi .
The students of the Orenburg Flight have increased the heroic traditions of aviation. They wrote outstanding pages in its history. These are the heroic flights of V.P. Chkalov and M.M. Gromova with their crews through the North Pole to America, this is the courage and bravery of the Orenburg pilots in air battles in the area of Lake Khasan, on the Khalkhin Gol River, on the Karelian Isthmus. The names of the school's graduates are well known not only in our country. They are remembered both in Spain and Mongolia.
During the Great Patriotic War, despite great difficulties, the school successfully trained aviation personnel for the active army. Orenburg residents demonstrated massive heroism on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War. In the battles for the honor and independence of the Motherland, 33 of them carried out aerial rams, 52 pilots repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastello. N.V. Gomanenko, I.F. Pavlov, I.S. Polbin, E.I. Pichugin are forever included in the lists of personnel of the aviation regiments. Among the students of the school there are 341 Heroes of the Soviet Union. And pilots S.I.Gritsevets, L.I.Beda, T.Ya.Begeldinov, S.D.Lugansky, V.N.Osipov, I.S.Polbin, I.F.Pavlov, A.S.Smirnov and E.P. Fedorov was awarded this title twice.
The names of the school's graduates have been assigned to many cities, villages and educational institutions, dozens of squares and streets, and hundreds of schools.
After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the school, in accordance with new conditions, restructured its work on training aviation personnel. His team successfully completed the training of pilots for the air force.
The sixties occupy a special place in the history of the school. In accordance with new requirements, in the spring of 1960, the school was one of the first in the Air Force to be transformed into the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (OVVAUL). To staff the school, it received personnel and educational facilities from the Orenburg School of Navigators and the Kirovobad School of Pilots (previously transferred to Orsk).
The school became one of the largest educational institutions of the Air Force. Its graduate Yu.A. Gagarin made the world's first flight into space on April 12, 1961 and laid the foundation for the profession of cosmonaut pilots. In 1960, USSR pilot-cosmonaut Hero of the Soviet Union V.V. Lebedev studied at the Orenburg Flight School. In 1969, pilot-cosmonaut Hero of the Soviet Union graduated from the school with honors. A.S. Viktorenko .
On December 23, 1963, on the initiative of the Orenburg Regional Committee of the Komsomol and the Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, the first school of young cosmonauts in the Soviet Union was created.

Since May 1967, OVVAUL began to bear the name of a student of the school, twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General of Aviation Ivan Semenovich Polbin. Since 1970, naval and long-range aviation pilots have been trained here.

In 1993, the flight school was disbanded. On its basis, the Orenburg Cadet Corps was created, which not only continues the traditions of the legendary “flight school”, but also leads its own history. The first anniversary is behind us - the fifth anniversary, 649 parachute jumps, 75 independent flights on a combat aircraft. From an Air Force school, the cadet corps gradually turned into a multidisciplinary educational institution, providing initial training in flight, helicopter, aviation engineering, missile, anti-aircraft missile, and firefighting.
Since 1993, the Berlin Order of Kutuzov, III degree, military transport has been located on the territory of the former flight school