The largest countries in North America and their capitals. USA, Canada, Mexico. North America American countries and their capitals

Description of North America: list of countries, capitals, cities and resorts. Photos and videos, oceans and seas, mountains, rivers and lakes of North America. Tour operators and tours in North America.

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North America is not only the USA, Mexico and Canada: in total, there are 23 countries on the mainland and nearby islands, 16 of which belong to Latin America, and another 7 to Central America. In addition to independent states, in this region there are so-called dependent territories - modern colonies of European countries and the Americas. North America is a unique continent in its ethnic, natural, climatic and cultural composition, which can be studied endlessly.

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Tourism in North America

America is the second destination after Europe in terms of the number of foreign tourists. Half of international flights take place in the USA and Canada, with the Caribbean islands taking second place, receiving 12 million tourists a year. The main types of tourism are beach, sports, excursion, and business tourism.

There are 5 tourist areas:

  1. The eastern region (northeastern USA and southern Canada) attracts travelers with architectural and historical monuments and the culture of local peoples.
  2. The western zone is an untouched wilderness, national parks of the USA and Canada, famous ski resorts.
  3. The central zone is occupied by agricultural crops, there are no bright attractions, so the flow of travelers is small.
  4. The northern (Alaska and northern Canada) zone is the choice of those who admire the harsh nature, love ski resorts, exotics and are interested in the historical heritage and modern development of the region.
  5. The southern zone is the coast of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. There is a mild climate, bright sun, warm water in the seas and oceans, so tourists who prefer beach holidays, exoticism and traditional cordiality and hospitality come here.

America's National Parks

Geography

North America is washed by three oceans - the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic; separated from Eurasia by the Bering Strait, and from South America by the Isthmus of Panama. The western part of the continent is occupied by the Cordillera mountain system, where the highest point of the continent is located - Mount McKinley (6194 m). The lowest point is Death Valley (86 m below sea level). The most famous natural monuments of North America are the Grand Canyon on the Colorado River, Yellowstone Park, Niagara Falls, and the Great Lakes.

The total territory of North America is 24.25 million km², the population is about 579 million people (8% of the world's population). The majority are immigrants from Europe. Also, a significant part of the inhabitants of the mainland are representatives of the Mongoloid race - both immigrants from Asia and the indigenous population - Indians, Aleuts and Eskimos. African Americans make up another 20 million of the population, many mulattoes.

As before, large areas remain uninhabited - this applies to both the mountainous areas in the west of the continent and the northern lands of Alaska. The southern part of the mainland, the Caribbean islands, the Great Lakes region and the Pacific coast are more densely populated.

North American countries

Continental states

It is North America that includes independent states on the exotic Caribbean islands: Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Barbados, Haiti, Grenada, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis , Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica.

One of the most interesting (and largest) countries on this continent is USA. There are a lot of national parks, many domestic tourism destinations and world-famous resorts in Florida, Hawaii, and California. Alaska and the northern states attract ski lovers. Those who come to the USA for the first time cannot deny themselves the pleasure of visiting the casinos of Las Vegas, Hollywood and Disneyland in California or Florida. Popular US cities among tourists are New York, Washington, Miami, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Las Vegas.

Canada- a center of ethnographic and ecological tourism: the country’s coasts are not very suitable for a beach holiday. But there are a lot of national parks, forests, lakes that attract nature lovers, and many slopes await lovers of alpine skiing. Here is the famous Niagara Falls, the fantastically beautiful Thousand Islands archipelago at the source of the St. Lawrence River - a famous resort of the early 20th century. And lovers of antiquity are attracted by the historical sights of Ottawa, Quebec, and Toronto.

Mexico can be called an ideal tourist destination: it has some of the best beaches in the world, beautiful national parks, three thousand years of cultural and spiritual heritage of the Mayans, Aztecs and Olmecs. Mexico is also known for excellent service, hospitality and many opportunities for ecotourism, rafting, diving, etc.

America is the second destination after Europe in terms of the number of foreign tourists. Half of international flights take place in the USA and Canada, with the Caribbean islands taking second place, receiving 12 million tourists a year.

Island states

Cuba famous for its beaches, the best of which are located in the vicinity of the country's capital, Havana, and the resort center of Varadero. There are many caves on the island, the most interesting of which is located near the city of Matanzas. Those interested in history will be attracted by a variety of attractions: Trotsky's house, the castle-like Chapultepec Palace, the San Francisco Monastery, and connoisseurs of American literature will certainly visit the Ernest Hemingway house-museum near Havana.

Jamaica- one of the largest islands of the Caribbean archipelago, located in the very center of the Caribbean Sea, at a distance of 145 km south of Cuba. Once the famous island of pirates, Jamaica is now a beach paradise. The recreation area near Montego Bay, the resorts of Negril, Ocho Rios, and Port Antonio are especially popular among tourists. The local underwater park attracts deep-sea diving enthusiasts.

Bahamas are located north of Cuba, not far from the USA. This is an equally famous tourist area. The capital of the archipelago, Nassau, is a resort center and has one of the largest casinos. In addition, the Bahamas are famous for its national parks and historical museums, where monuments of ancient Indian culture are exhibited. The Coral World underwater observatory has recently opened.

Dominican Republic- a very fashionable resort in the last decade, located in the eastern part of the island of Haiti. Mountains, evergreen forests, beaches, always fresh tropical fruits and clear waters of the Caribbean Sea attract more than 2 million tourists every year. It was this island that Columbus saw at the end of his famous journey. In honor of him, a grandiose memorial was built on the coast - a monument and museum in the form of a truncated pyramid.

Haiti- a state in the western part of the island of the same name in the Caribbean Sea. It is the most mountainous country in the Caribbean, known for its stunning landscapes and fantastic beaches.

Barbados combines the beauty of nature, the romance of beaches, secluded relaxation and exciting adventures. The island is famous for its rum and the architecture of Bridgetown, on one of the streets of which there is a monument to Admiral Nelson. In the island's national parks, unique species of tropical plants and animals have been preserved in wild conditions, and not far from the coast, divers can admire coral reefs. However, even if you don’t want to leave the beach, you will still appreciate the uniqueness of the local landscape: the sand on the coast of Barbados is pink!

Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Curaçao, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saint Barthelemy, Sint Maarten, Turks and Caicos Islands. Most of them are islands of volcanic origin, most often dormant volcanoes. Thanks to them, there are many geysers, hot springs and small lakes with “boiling” water. On the coast there are beaches with black and yellow sand. The most fashionable resorts are Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Saint Lucia, Curacao, etc.

America, consisting of two continents and thereby forming one part of the world, is located in two hemispheres at once.

North America, accordingly, is located in the northern hemisphere, South America in the southern hemisphere. Relative to the prime meridian, the continent of America is located in the west.

Geographical position

America refers to absolutely all the lands that are located between the western part of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific coast. The total area of ​​this part of the world, located entirely in the western hemisphere, is 42 million km 2, which in percentage terms occupies 28.5% of the total land area on planet Earth.

In addition to the two continents, part of the world also includes small islands located next to them (for example, the island of Greenland). In the North, the coast of America is washed by the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean is on the right, and the Atlantic is on the left. South and North America are located at different latitudes, but they have the same longitude.

Geographical characteristics

In this case, it makes sense to talk about North and South America separately, since the topography of the continents differs significantly from each other.

Relief of North America:

  • The central plains have a slightly undulating topography, which transforms into a glacial one to the north;
  • The Great Plains, which is a huge foothill plateau in front of the Cordillera;
  • the Laurentian Upland, gently undulating, reaching up to 6100 meters above sea level;
  • Coastal lowlands in the southern part of the mainland;
  • Mountains: Cascade, Sierra Nevada system, Rocky, etc.

Relief of South America:

  • Plains East;
  • Mountain West with the Andes system;
  • Amazonian lowland;
  • Brazilian and Guiana plateaus.

North America has many climatic zones, including oceanic, continental, and subequatorial climates. The average monthly temperature in January varies from -36 degrees to +20 (at the extreme points of the mainland). In July it can be from -4 to +32. The most precipitation falls on the Pacific coast (about 3 thousand mm annually), the least in the Cordillera (up to 200 mm). Summers are usually warm throughout the mainland. It is accompanied by rare dry winds or, on the contrary, showers.

South America includes 6 climatic zones, of which subequatorial is repeated twice (in different territories), and tropical, temperate, subtropical and equatorial are repeated once each. At the same time, the tropics and subtropics reign over absolutely most of the territory, which means that dry and wet seasons are clearly defined in South America. It is warm on the mainland: in summer (summer in the hemisphere begins in January) the temperature varies from 10 to 35 degrees, in winter - from 0 to 16. There is a lot of precipitation, especially in Chile and Colombia. There falls up to 10 thousand mm per year.

Americas

In this part of the world, especially in the northern part, the population density is very high. America unites on its territory a huge number of independent states and dependent zones, differing from each other in population size, economic well-being, level of development, etc.

Historically, North America, called the “New World” by Europeans, became more prosperous. It is on this continent that there are two countries that are considered a symbol of prosperity and monetary wealth of the 20th-21st centuries: Canada and the United States of America. In total, about 500 million people live in North America, which is approximately 7% of the world's population.

South America is also quite densely populated - the figure approaches 380 million - but the region is incomparably poorer. South America is a continent where there are countries that were once colonies of more ancient European states; In addition, the stratification between rich and poor is more pronounced here.

List of North American countries

The largest country is, of course, the USA. More than 300 million people, 9.5 million square kilometers of area, the largest industrial and commercial centers around the world allow the United States to confidently represent North America on the map.

Major countries in North America:

(with detailed description)

List of South American countries

In South America, the two leading countries are Brazil and Argentina. They lead in area, population, and economic success. These are the countries that can be called developing.

Major countries in South America:

(with detailed description)

Nature

In its northern part, America is very rich in water resources: lakes and rivers occupy most of the area, and the Mississippi and Moussuri are the longest river system in the entire earth. On the Southern continent, however, there is also no shortage of water - the Amazon flows through it, which is one of the largest sources of fresh water in the whole world.

Nature, plants and animals of North America

North America is similar in flora and fauna to Eurasia - there are both coniferous and deciduous forests, the famous oaks and cedars. Animals are also typical: moose, bears, squirrels, foxes. Closer to the south, the landscape becomes deserted, dry, and both flora and fauna change...

Nature, plants and animals of South America

The southern continent is occupied by plants and animals characteristic of equatorial forests and savannas. There are large predators, crocodiles, and many birds - especially parrots. A significant part of the territory is covered with tropical forests. There are a lot of fish in the rivers, including piranhas. Extensive insect population...

Climatic conditions

Seasons, weather and climate of America

North America - more precisely, most of it - is located in a temperate and cold thermal zone, which is characterized by cold (up to -32 at the extreme point) winters and warm (about 25-28 degrees) summers. There are no special weather disasters here - with the possible exception of the Pacific coast, which periodically suffers from hurricanes.

South America, located in the zone of savannas and equatorial forests, tends to be tropical and subtropical in climate. Extremely humid, hot summer reigns here in December-February, but the “summer” months familiar to residents of the other hemisphere, on the contrary, are the coldest. Temperatures in July drop to zero in some places...

Peoples of America

America is a part of the world with a very diverse population. Even the tribes of Indians, considered the indigenous population of America, differ from each other so much that they consider each other to belong to different nationalities.

Peoples of North America: culture and traditions

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Books

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North America is the third largest continent on our planet. On its territory today there are ten independent North America (a list of which is presented in this article) differing in area, population and economic development. There are many differences between them in other ways, including ethnic, cultural and linguistic.

North American countries and their capitals

America is one of the six parts of the world, consisting of two continents: North and South America. There are ten independent states in North America. Another 13 island countries are located within the Caribbean region. Sometimes they are also classified as states in the North American region.

The countries of North America and their capitals vary in size and population. Here is one of the largest countries on the planet - Canada. On the same continent there is an area 500 times smaller!

The countries of North America and their capitals differ greatly in the level of economic development and well-being of their citizens. Thus, the continent is home to one of the world’s leading economies, the No. 1 country in terms of GDP per capita (we are talking about the USA). At the same time, North America is home to poor, developing countries (such as Nicaragua, Honduras and Guatemala).

All continental countries of North America are listed below, the list also includes the capitals of these states:

  1. Canada (Ottawa).
  2. USA (Washington).
  3. Mexico (Mexico City).
  4. Belize (Belmopan).
  5. Honduras (Tegucigalpa).
  6. Nicaragua (Managua).
  7. Guatemala (Guatemala).
  8. El Salvador (San Salvador).
  9. Costa Rica (San Jose).

Near the mainland there is also the largest island on planet Earth - Greenland, which is an overseas possession of the European state of Denmark.

Largest countries in North America: USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country on the planet with a population of 325 million people. The territory of the state is divided into 50 states, each of which has its own laws. Some of them amaze with their oddities and meaningless norms. The United States has a powerful diversified economy and the world's strongest army.

It is curious that the United States, despite its vast expanses, borders (by land) only two countries - Canada and Mexico. USA - Immigrants began to come here since the end of the 19th century, from various parts of the planet. Some came to the States in search of a better life, others fled from repression from the former USSR, Yugoslavia, etc. Migrants settled in the United States, as a rule, compactly. This is how Italian, Jewish, Russian, and Chinese quarters were formed here, which managed to preserve the culture and traditions of their countries.

Canada - a country of mountains, lakes and maple syrup

Canada is second in the world. Although only 35 million people live here. Canada is washed by three oceans and is famous primarily for its nature. Beautiful mountain ranges, waterfalls, huge national parks - all this is about Canada! In addition, the country boasts three powerful megacities, in which almost all the financial, intellectual and labor resources of the state are concentrated. These are Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal.

Canada has 20% of the planet's fresh water, 50% of the world's polar bear population and about 80% of the maple syrup produced on Earth. And it is no coincidence that the maple leaf is present on the flag of this state. And it was Canadians (and not Americans, as many people think) who invented basketball.

Mexico - a country of cacti and contrasts

Mexico is another large North American country that lies entirely within a tropical and subtropical climate. Well-known and beloved products - corn and chocolate - were given to the world by this country.

The capital is the oldest city on the entire continent. It was built on the ruins of the ancient city of Tenochtitlan, which was previously inhabited by the Aztecs. Modern Mexicans are descendants of at least five of the most ancient civilizations on the planet.

The Mexican economy is one of the most powerful on the continent. Oil, gas, iron ore are mined here, corn, rice, wheat and soybeans are grown. Mechanical engineering, metallurgy and the chemical industry are very developed in Mexico.

Finally...

Now you know all the countries of North America and their capitals. They differ radically from each other in population, area, and level of economic development.

Countries belonging to North America (from north to south): Canada, USA, Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.

Canada is a country occupying the northern part of the continent. The only state with which Canada has a land border is. Canada has access to three oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic.

The area of ​​Canada is 9980 thousand km2, the population is 29.6 million people. According to the form of government, Canada is a confederation, the capital is (1.0 million inhabitants).

The country can be divided into two large parts: mountainous and flat. The western part is mountainous and is occupied by the Cordilleras. The highest point in the country, Logan (5951 m), is located here. The eastern part is flat (Prairie Plateau, Laurentian Upland).

Canada is located in three climatic zones: arctic, subarctic and temperate.

Arctic is characteristic of the islands. The subarctic and temperate climates run in two broad stripes, while in the west the climate is continental, harsher, and in the east it is humid, milder and with more precipitation. Canada is rich in rivers, most of them flow from west to east and belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. This is the St. River, Saskatchewan. There are also many lakes: Canada has access to the Great Lakes; Great Slave Lake and Winnipeg are located on its territory.

Most of the population is concentrated along the country's southern border. These are mainly descendants of immigrants from England (40%) and (27%). Indigenous population - (no more than 2% of the population), live mainly in the northern part of the country. The level is quite high - 77%, the largest cities: Toronto (4.3 million inhabitants), (3.3 million), Vancouver (1.8 million).

There are many minerals in and near the Great Lakes: iron, copper, lead, and also. Despite the fact that Canada is a developed country, most of whose population is employed in the service sector, Canada's global specialization lies in the export of metals, fuel, electricity, as well as timber and agricultural products.

The most developed industries are mining, . Thanks to the abundance of forests in Canada, the timber and pulp industries are developing. Intensive agriculture is well developed; wheat, barley are grown, cattle, pigs, and sheep are raised. Fishing is also important.

Mexico

Mexico is the largest country in southern North America. In the north, Mexico borders with the United States, in the south - with, has access to (Gulf of Mexico,) and. The area of ​​Mexico is 1960 thousand km2, the population is 93.6 million people. According to the form of government, it is a republic, the capital is a city (16.6 million inhabitants).

The country's topography is predominantly mountainous. Most of the country is occupied by the Mexican Highlands, the southern part of which is higher. The California Peninsula also has a mountain range; the Yucatan Peninsula, on the contrary, is low-lying. The climate in most of the country is tropical; in the Mexican Highlands and the California Peninsula it is arid, with no more than 200 mm of precipitation per year. In the east of the country, the climate is tropical and humid, with up to 2500 mm of precipitation. Mexico is extremely poor, the largest river is the Rio Bravo del Norte.

The population of Mexico is made up of Indians and descendants, 60% of the population are mestizo, descendants of mixed marriages of Caucasians and Mongoloids. The level of urbanization in the country is 75%, the largest cities are Mexico City and Guadalajara (3.4 million inhabitants).

Mexico is rich. Oil deposits are being actively developed in the Gulf of Mexico and non-ferrous metal ores are being mined in the mountains. Mexico ranks first in the world in silver mining.

Mexico's economy is closely linked to the United States; most of its exports go there. These are minerals and agricultural products: wheat, corn, sorghum, beans, tomatoes, bananas, citrus fruits, sugar cane. Mining, chemical, automotive, and light industries are developed.

USA

The USA is a country that occupies most of the continent of North America, two states are enclaves - separated from the rest of the territory - Alaska in the northwest of the continent and Hawaii - an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. The USA has land borders in the north and south. The country is washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west, the Atlantic - from the east, Alaska has access to. The area of ​​the USA is 9364 thousand km2, the population is 263 million people. The form of government of the United States is a republic, the capital is Washington (4.5 million inhabitants).

The cordillera occupies the western part of the country, the eastern part is flatter - low mountains run along the coast, and closer to the center of the country - the Central and Great Plains. In the south is the Mississippi Lowland.

Most of the US lies temperate and subtropical. Enough precipitation falls in the east and west of the continent, only in the center there are dry areas. The state of Alaska is located in the subarctic climate zone; the average January temperature here is -25°C. Hawaii is located in a tropical climate zone, the influence of the ocean is great, because of this it is very high - up to 10 thousand mm of precipitation per year.

The country has quite large reserves of fresh water. Major rivers: (flows into the Gulf of Mexico), Colorado and (flows into the Pacific Ocean). On the border with Canada are the Great Lakes, and in the center of the country is the Great Salt Lake.

The USA ranks 3rd in the world in terms of population. The entire population of the country can be divided into 4 large parts. 75% of the population are Caucasian Americans, immigrants from Russia, 12% are African Americans, descendants of former slaves taken from Russia, 12% are a group of immigrants from Russia, and representatives of Russia. Less than 1% of the population are Aboriginal Indians, indigenous people of the United States, currently living in specially designated settlements - reservations. The level of urbanization is quite high - 76%. Largest cities: New York - 19.6 million inhabitants, Los Angeles - 15.3 million, Chicago - 8.5 million, San Francisco - 6.5 million. In some areas the cities are located quite close, they are growing rapidly, so that the border between two different cities becomes difficult to determine. Such conglomerations formed on the northeastern coast (Boston - Washington), on the coast of the Great Lakes (Chicago - Pittsburgh), on the Atlantic coast in California (San Francisco - Los Angeles).

Currently, the United States ranks first in the world in terms of production volume. All branches of industry are developed in the country, with the latest high-tech industries developing especially actively: electronics, the rocket and space industry. The USA is home to such world-famous corporations as Ford, Microsoft, Intel, General Electric, Coca-Cola, IBM, etc. The most famous scientific and technical laboratories operate here (for example, Silicon Valley in California), universities (Stanford, Massachusetts, California, etc.). With this level of development, it has long remained the largest exporter of agricultural products: wheat, corn, cattle meat.



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