House-museum of S.A. Yesenin in the village of Konstantinovo.

The village of Konstantinovo is one of the most amazing places on the Oka River. The great Russian poet Sergei Yesenin was born here on October 3, 1895. The poet spent his childhood and youth in the village of Konstantinov.

The most important attraction of the village of Konstantinovo and the entire Ryazan region is the House-Museum of Sergei Yesenin.Work on recreating the memorial appearance of the peasant estate of the parents of the great Russian poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin began after the order of the government of the RSFSR to open the memorial House-Museum of S.A. Yesenin in Konstantinov, in August 1965 in connection with the upcoming anniversary - the 70th anniversary of his birth.This decision was preceded by a long period of formation of public opinion about perpetuating its great singer in the memory of the people. A fair assessment of his creative heritage, his role in the spiritual and cultural life of the country.

And it started like this...

In Konstantinovo, immediately after the death of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin, fans of his poetry began to come, getting to the village most often on foot. They were met at the Yesenin house by the poet’s mother Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina and local librarian Maria Dmitrievna Vorobyova. Thousands of entries with wishes to open a poet’s museum in Konstantinov appeared in the notebooks kept for reviews.

Concrete work to prepare for the opening of the museum began with a working trip to Konstantinovo in the first half of August 1965 of a commission that included writers, museum specialists, architects, artists and, most importantly, direct witnesses to the time of Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin’s stay in Konstantinovo - sisters poets Ekaterina Alexandrovna and Alexandra Alexandrovna.

The commission created at the Writers' Union of the RSFSR to perpetuate the memory of S.A. Yesenin was headed by the poet Sergei Vasiliev and the famous literary critic Yu.L. Prokushev, who had previously convinced the leadership of the Ryazan region to petition the Government of the RSFSR to open S.A. in his homeland. Yesenin Memorial House-Museum of the Poet.

In the house of S.A.’s parents Yesenin at that time there was an exhibition on the theme “The Life and Work of S.A. Yesenin”, carried out by the Leningrad Pushkin House (Academy of Sciences), and there was a rural library. And all around is a sad to the point of tragedy picture of the ruin and neglect of Yesenin’s places. It was necessary to start from scratch. To recreate the living environment of the poet’s family, corresponding to the time he spent in this house, to find out everything that is connected with the life and work of the poet in the village of Konstantinov. Here the poet's sisters provided the necessary assistance. At that time, some household items were stored in the attic of the house and in the yard; the lost items needed to be replaced with typological ones, finding out what the partitions in the house were like, how household items were located, what the curtains on the windows looked like, with what kind of lace trim. The poet’s sisters also spoke in detail about how the thatched hut, which had not been preserved on their parents’ estate, looked like, set up as temporary housing immediately after the fire that happened in Konstantinov in August 1922, and advised to restore this temporary hut and the trees on the estate before the opening of the museum , The Cherry Orchard. They recalled with particular warmth that the only surviving apple tree on the estate was planted by their father Alexander Nikitich in 1921.

Then it was necessary to find out everything connected with the life and work of S.A. Yesenin in the village of Konstantinov. According to Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Yesenina, S.A. visited the nearby estate house of Lydia Ivanovna Kashina, the last Konstantinovsky landowner, several times. Yesenin. But it housed a consumer services plant, the rooms inside the house were redesigned as production areas, and no furniture was preserved. The history of this house was a blank spot. Little was known about the fate of the owner of this house and her family.

The territory of the former manor's estate was also disfigured. On the site of the park, which was cut down during the war, there were brick cattle yards and other outbuildings. A particularly depressing impression on all of us was made by the dilapidated building of the Church of the Kazan Mother of God directly opposite the Yesenins’ house: the bell tower was demolished, the walls of the refectory were dismantled, grain was stored in the altar. There were buildings adjacent to the church: a garage for tractors, a large weighing station, where cars arrived one after another. On the site of the bell tower there was a warehouse for fuel and lubricants, which clearly posed a serious fire hazard for the memorial House-Museum. After all, in August 1922, the Yesenins’ house and the nearby house of priest Ivan Yakovlevich Smirnov burned down. Of course, it was difficult to find one’s way right away in such a cluttered area near the Yesenins’ estate. It was decided to limit ourselves to creating a museum on the Yesenins’ estate. Concrete work has begun to create a memorial museum for S.A. in a very short time. Yesenina.

Over the course of several days in Ryazan, chairs, a Gabu wall clock in a wooden case, two chests, a mirror, a large bucket samovar, an oak table with carved legs were repaired, and the icon of the Kazan Mother of God was restored. The craftsmen considered it a great honor to do the work for the museum; they did everything carefully, almost free of charge. They quickly recreated the china cabinet and found wooden beds that existed in Konstantinov during the poet’s lifetime. From Leningrad, from the Pushkin House, they brought the famous lamp with a green lampshade, by the light of which the poet worked in his parents’ house, as well as a lock of hair, cut as a keepsake after the poet’s death.

And so on the morning of October 2, 1965, the country’s first museum of S.A. was opened. Yesenin as a branch of the Ryazan Regional Museum of Local Lore. Several thousand people gathered in front of Yesenin’s house, despite the fact that Konstantinovo could only be reached along a dirt road. The bright morning sun filled the kitchen and the front hall of the Poet's House with a reddish, solemn light through the window on the east side. The first honored visitors entered: famous poets Alexander Prokofiev, Sergei Vasiliev, Nikolai Rylenkov, Kaisyn Kuliev, Alexey Markov, Stanislav Kunyaev, Sergei Vikulov, Alexander Filatov, poetess Yulia Drunina, literary critic Yuri Prokushev, sculptor Alexander Kibalnikov and other literary and artistic figures . The first honorary guides - the poet's sisters Ekaterina Alexandrovna and Alexandra Alexandrovna - took them on the first historical tour of the S.A. House-Museum. Yesenina. For several hours, poets read poems in front of the house. A cold northern wind of hurricane force suddenly blowing in from the direction of the Oka floodplain did not prevent this first Yesenin poetry festival in Konstantinov from being completed. The following year, in the summer, a stream of tourists literally overwhelmed the “low house with blue shutters.”

We got to Konstantinov as best we could: on foot, on passing trucks, along country dirt roads from the Divovo station and the town of Rybnoye, by motor ships and boats along the Oka River. If in 1965 about twenty thousand people visited the House-Museum, then in the next year - twice as many. Passenger ships from Moscow began to moor at the Konstantinovo pier. They swam up slowly, splashing the wheels of their wheels in the water, and stood three in a row. Perhaps the most sincere fans and supporters of S.A.’s work. Yesenin came ashore from the paddle steamers "Sergei Yesenin" and "Mikhail Prishvin" to see the harmony of Yesenin's amazing images, everything that once helped Sergei Alexandrovich to create them.

The path along which Sergei Yesenin once ran down to the Oka River went up the mountain to the poet’s House-Museum past a dilapidated church with an ugly pile of scrap metal around it, causing a feeling of bewilderment and bitterness. Only in the parents’ house did these negative emotions fade away, and visitors were imbued with the magic of Yesenin’s poetry. Something had to be done. The regional newspaper "Priokskaya Pravda" published an article, and immediately after the newspaper's speech, measures began to be taken to liquidate the ill-fated warehouse.

And in the summer of 1967, the veil of mystery began to lift over the estate house of the addressee of Sergei Yesenin’s lyrics, Lidia Ivanovna Kashina. Anna Andreevna Stupenkova came to Konstantinovo, who had been in Kashina’s house as a child; her mother served there as a housekeeper. She vividly, with some degree of artistry, told how she witnessed Sergei Yesenin’s first visit to a house with a mezzanine. On a frosty sunny day at the end of 1916. A.A. Stupenkova spoke in detail about the purpose of the premises of the house, about her last meetings with the former owner in the 20s. Her message that Lidia Ivanovna Kashina, after 1918, when she was evicted from her estate house by peasants, lived in Moscow and worked in one of the Soviet institutions, was encouraging: perhaps one of Kashina’s relatives or friends was alive. A meeting with such a person would open another page in the poet’s creative biography and help obtain new unknown materials for creating a museum in this house.

During 1968 and the first half of 1969, the Ryazan Special Scientific and Restoration Workshop carried out a large amount of restoration work, and on October 3, 1969, a literary museum was opened in the house without recreating the memorial household interior. After this, the next step in recreating Yesenin’s memorable places, we breathed more freely - we had a place to receive tourists.

By this time, S.A. returned to his homeland. Yesenin, taking into account its great cultural significance, they built an asphalt road. Regular buses began to run regularly in Konstantinovo. The Ryazan excursion and travel bureau has launched bus excursions to the museum.

In the spring of 1972, a decision was made to transfer the building of the Kazan Church to the museum. Architect Sergei Vasilievich Chugunov developed design documentation for its restoration in a very short time. The All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments began to annually allocate money for production work to restore the building of the Kazan Church, and starting in 1975, exhibitions of artists began to be held in this building.

Years passed. With the help of museum workers, the estate park of L.I. began to be restored. Kashina according to a project developed by the Moscow Institute "Lesoproekt". In 1982, the museum was visited by the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR M.S. Solomentsev, who, as it turned out during the excursion, was passionate about the work of S.A. Yesenina. He agreed with proposals to reorganize the literary and memorial museum-reserve into the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenina. The resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR took place on March 7, 1984. According to this government decree, the boundaries of the museum-reserve and the general scheme for its further development, developed by the Moscow Institute “Spetsproektrestavratsiya”, were approved. This was the path from the memorial House-Museum to the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenina.

Every year All-Russian festivals dedicated to S.A. are held in the region. Yesenin, on the poet’s birthday in the village. Konstantinovo - All-Russian poetry festival dedicated to the poet's birthday.

The museum currently has the following exhibitions:

• Yesenin Estate
• Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina"
• Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God
• Zemstvo school
• Literary exhibition
• Spas-Klepikovskaya second-grade teacher's school

Yesenins' estate.

In the center of the village of Konstantinova, opposite the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, the Yesenin estate is located. Here, in 1871, the poet’s grandfather Nikita Osipovich Yesenin built a house where Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21 (October 3 - according to the new style) 1895. Over time, the dilapidated grandfather's house was demolished, and in its place in 1909 a new, smaller one was built. It is with him that Yesenin’s poetic image of the “golden log hut” is associated. In 1965, a museum of the famous Russian poet was opened in this simple village hut. Over time, a whole complex appeared in Konstantinov - the State Museum-Reserve of S.A. Yesenina. But its heart still remains the “low house” of the Yesenins, restored in 2000.

The exposition of the house takes us back to the 20s, when, being a famous poet throughout Russia, Sergei Yesenin came to his parents’ house to rest his tormented soul here.A spacious entryway leads to the warm part of the house, where among the peasant utensils and tools, the sickle and half-braid of Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenina, the poet’s mother, stand out.As soon as you enter the residential part of the house, you cannot help but notice the small kitchen with a snow-white Russian stove and household items. On the table there is a bucket “grandfather’s” samovar - a witness to many tea parties in the Yesenin family.Opposite the kitchen is a hallway with a Dutch oven. The poet slept on a wooden bed next to a hot stove when he came to his parents’ house in the cold season.

The largest and brightest room is the upper room. In the red corner are icons of Tatiana Fedorovna, her pectoral cross. On the wall next to the stove are family photographs and Sergei’s certificate of merit, which he received upon graduating from the zemstvo school. The “wooden clock” also counts down time, as if an oak table with a kerosene lamp under a green lampshade, by the light of which Sergei Yesenin often worked, is waiting for the poet.From the upper room we find ourselves in the room of the poet's mother. Here are her clothes and the famous fur coat - “shushun”, in which Tatyana Fedorovna often went out onto the road and, peering into the distance, waited for her son.

Museum of the poem "Anna Snegina".

Next to the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God is the estate of the last Konstantinovsky landowner Lydia Ivanovna Kashina. Sergei Yesenin first met the owner of the estate in the summer of 1916. At this time he was already the author of his first poetry collection, “Radunitsa”. Lydia Kashina became one of the prototypes for the main character of the poem “Anna Snegina”. Sergei Yesenin visited Kashina’s house more than once, since he had friendly relations with the hostess. In 1918, after the nationalization of the estate, the poet helped Lydia Ivanovna move to Moscow, and he himself stayed in her Moscow apartment. After the revolution, Kashina’s country house was used for the needs of the village, and in October 1969 a literary exhibition was opened there. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth in 1995, the museum’s exhibitions of one Yesenin poem, “Anna Snegina,” were located in the rooms of the house.

Museum exhibitions occupy the first floor of the “house with a mezzanine”. The exhibits tell us about the life of the Kashina family, its guests, and the poet’s fellow villagers. Manuscripts, photographs, and household items help to draw parallels between the inhabitants of the house and the heroes of the poem, telling about the life of the Constantinians during the years of the revolution. Among the exhibits are Lydia Ivanovna’s memorial grand piano, her miniature chest of drawers, a box and other items. Autographs of Sergei Yesenin’s poem “Anna Snegina” accompany museum visitors in almost every room. From them one can trace the poet’s attitude to the First World War and the Revolution, the mood of the village residents in the “harsh, menacing years,” and the relationships of the heroes. The exhibition presents the first collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin “Radunitsa”, the poet’s personal belongings: inkwell, paperweight, ashtray, notebook cover, etc.

The mezzanine of the house houses temporary exhibitions from the museum's collections.The Museum of the Poem “Anna Snegina”, through an acquaintance with the house where the poet visited, immerses the reader in the atmosphere of the events described in one of the best poems by Sergei Yesenin

Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God.

In the center of the village, not far from the Yesenins’ house, on the banks of the Oka, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built. The first mention of a temple with the same name dates back to 1619. In 1779, at the expense of the owner of Konstantinov, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn, it was erected according to the design of the architect I.E. Starov Kazan stone church with the chapel of the martyrs Faith, Nadezhda, Lyubov and their mother Sophia. Subsequently, all Constantine landowners monitored the condition of the temple and sought to update and decorate it in a timely manner.The benefactor of the local church was also the priest John Smirnov, who was forced to leave his ministry in the 20s of the last century.

In 1937, the church building was turned into a grain warehouse, and collective farm agricultural equipment was placed on the territory of the church.In the 70s, the building was transferred to the museum as an architectural monument of the last quarter of the 18th century. The temple served as an exhibition hall for a long time.

In 1990, at the request of residents of the village of Konstantinova, the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was returned to the Ryazan diocese.

Not far from the Yesenins' estate there is a building of the zemstvo school. In 1879, peasants and local landowner S.G. The Kupriyans submit a petition to open a school in Konstantinov, and the rural community donates 60 rubles for this. In February 1879, Konstantinov opened its own school. Many peasants sent their children to it; the father of the future poet, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin, also studied at the zemstvo school. In the summer of 1898, the school building was rebuilt. In 1904, Seryozha Yesenin crossed its threshold.Unfortunately, the memorial building has not survived to this day.

In 1994, the building of the zemstvo school was restored, and soon it housed an exhibition.One of the school's two classes is history. It tells a story about zemstvo schools in the Ryazan province. The exhibition presents photographs of zemstvo schools, teachers, methodological literature, teaching aids, as well as children's books published for the people. The educational geographical map of 1895 is especially interesting, since it is the same age as Sergei Yesenin. All these exhibits give an idea of ​​the system of primary public education in Russia at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries.

Another class is memorial. Its furnishings take us back to the years 1904-1909, when Sergei Yesenin studied at the zemstvo school: a red corner with an icon of the Virgin Mary, orderly rows of desks, portraits of Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on both sides of the black chalkboard, floor abacus, and educational ones on the walls paintings based on scenes from sacred history. Large visual aids with Church Slavonic and pre-revolutionary Russian alphabet attract the attention of visitors.In the corner is a clock once donated to the school by a trustee.I.P. Kulakov. In the display case there is a slate tablet from the Yesenin family, old copybooks and textbooks, school supplies. Nearby are photographs of the teachers of the future poet Ivan Matveyevich and Lydia Ivanovna Vlasov, priest Ioann Smirnov, who taught the Law of God, documents, including a certificate of completion of Sergei Yesenin’s zemstvo school and a list of students “subjected to tests” (who passed the final exams) in 1909. From the last document it is clear that Sergei Yesenin, despite his mischievous character, was an excellent student.

The year he graduated from school, the young poet posed with his fellow villagers on the platform in front of the temple. This is the earliest photograph of Sergei Yesenin. In an enlarged form, it adorns one of the walls of the memorial classroom.A literary exhibition telling about the life and work of S.A. Yesenin, is located in the building of the scientific and cultural center of the museum. It was opened in 1995 on the 100th anniversary of the poet’s birth. Here are objects, documents, manuscripts, photographs, letters, works of fine art that allow us to consistently present the stages of Sergei Yesenin’s formation as a poet and his complex life and creative path.

For ease of study, each period of the poet’s life is presented separately. With the help of exhibits, museum visitors can trace all stages of the fate of the great Russian poet from birth in 1895 to his mysterious death in 1925.

The effect of Sergei Yesenin’s presence in the exhibition is enhanced by memorial items: the cradle in which the mother rocked baby Sergei; wall panel from the Moscow apartment of A.N. Yesenin, the father of the poet; jacket, cane and top hat by Sergei Yesenin; the chest-cabinet of the poet, with whom he traveled abroad, etc. Yesenin’s lifetime publications are widely represented, among which special attention is paid to the poet’s first book of poems “Radunitsa”, autographs of works, letters, documents, books from the poet’s personal library.A separate section is devoted to the fate of Sergei Yesenin’s works after his death and the difficult path of returning them to the general reader.

Spas-Klepiki is a city located 80 km. from Ryazan. At the beginning of the twentieth century it was a large trading village. In 1896, an educational institution was opened there that trained teachers of literacy schools. Spas-Klepikovskaya second-grade teacher's school was located in the spiritual department.

In 1985, the preserved building of the teachers' school, which became a branch of the State Museum-Reserve S.A. Yesenin, opened its doors to the first visitors. In 2005, on the 110th anniversary of the birth of S.A. Yesenin, in the building of the Spas-Klepikovskaya second-grade teacher’s school, a new exhibition was opened, telling in detail not only about Sergei Yesenin’s studies at this school in 1909-1912, but also about the life of the Klepikovites of the late 19th - early 20th centuries.The exhibition occupies both floors of the building. On the first one, the kitchen and teachers’ apartments, including E.M., were restored. Khitrov, a literature teacher who helped Sergei Yesenin realize himself as a poet; collections of household items, tools, and clothing of the Klepikovites of the late 19th – early 20th centuries are presented; on the second there are classrooms and a dormitory for young students.

The visitors' interest is drawn to the desk at which Sergei Yesenin sat in one of the classrooms, and books by the poet's favorite authors. Autographs of early poems, documents and photographs tell about the beginning of Sergei Yesenin’s creative career, about the poet’s first handwritten collection “Sick Thoughts”.

An exhibition hall has been created in the building, where works by Ryazan and Moscow artists are presented. In 2008, a monument to S.A. was erected next to the museum. Yesenin by A.A. Bichukova.

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